Investigation of Residence and Travel Times in a Large Floodplain Lake with Complex Lake-River Interactions: Poyang Lake (China)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Site
3. Methodology
3.1. Hydrodynamic Model
3.2. Physical Setting of the Simulation Scenarios
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Spatial Distribution of the Residence Time and Physical Interpretation
4.2. Frequency Distribution Curves
4.3. Travel Time for the Potential Pollution Sources and Physical Interpretation
5. Summary and Conclusions
- (1)
- The residence times with highly spatial variability that differed in hydrographically sub-regions within Poyang Lake, which varies roughly from less than 10 days along the lake channels to 365 days in some bays adjacent to the lake shorelines. Relatively large spatial residence time variations between the periods of high (falling) and low (rising) water levels were observed in the lake depending on the seasonal water level regimes as a result of the combined effects of catchment rivers and the Yangtze River. Generally, the results indicate that Poyang Lake exhibits strong but spatially heterogeneous residence times that vary with its highly seasonal water level dynamics.
- (2)
- The frequency distribution curve of the lake’s residence time provides useful generic information regarding the degree of variation in flushing across the lake domain. The curves of the shallow gradients for Poyang Lake indicated higher spatial variability in residence times. Additionally, the characteristic ‘step’ of the frequency distribution curve demonstrates that the Poyang Lake domain is divided into fast (the main flow channels of the lake) and slow (some bays adjacent to the lake shorelines) flushing systems.
- (3)
- The results indicated that the travel times from the potential pollution sources to the lake outlet varied seasonally. Nearly identical travel times occurred during the periods of high and falling water levels (up to 32 days), and these were four times longer than the travel times observed during the periods of low and rising water levels (less than 8 days), which is attributed to the advection-dispersion processes of the lake dependent on changes in the seasonal water level regime.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Yao, J. Investigation of Residence and Travel Times in a Large Floodplain Lake with Complex Lake-River Interactions: Poyang Lake (China). Water 2015, 7, 1991-2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7051991
Li Y, Zhang Q, Yao J. Investigation of Residence and Travel Times in a Large Floodplain Lake with Complex Lake-River Interactions: Poyang Lake (China). Water. 2015; 7(5):1991-2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7051991
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yunliang, Qi Zhang, and Jing Yao. 2015. "Investigation of Residence and Travel Times in a Large Floodplain Lake with Complex Lake-River Interactions: Poyang Lake (China)" Water 7, no. 5: 1991-2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7051991