Nutrient Content at the Sediment-Water Interface of Tile-Fed Agricultural Drainage Ditches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Field Techniques
Ditch | Tile outlet | Diameter (cm) | Longitude | Latitude | Distance (m) |
Box Ditch, Reynolds, IN | 1a | 183 | W 86º 59.899 | N 40º 29.659 | 0 |
2 | 23 | W 86º 59.897 | N 40º 29.658 | 7 | |
3 | 23 | W 87º 00.114 | N 40º 29.668 | 336 | |
4 | 23 | W 87º 00.269 | N 40º 29.593 | 456 | |
J.B. Foltz Ditch, West Lafayette, IN | 1 | 17 | W 86º 55.215 | N 40º 46.868 | 0 |
2 | 15 | W 86º 55.295 | N 40º 47.020 | 385 | |
3 | 20 | W 86º 55.464 | N 40º 47.017 | 621 | |
4 | 20 | W 86º 55.608 | N 40º 47.010 | 826 | |
5 | 20 | W 86º 55.756 | N 40º 47.006 | 1,036 | |
Marshall Ditch, West Lafayette, IN | 1 | 36 | W 87º 01.186 | N 40º 30.351 | 0 |
2b | 31 | W 87º 01.506 | N 40º 30.336 | 431 | |
1a : small ditch entering the main ditch through a pipe | |||||
2b: conventional weir flow control structure with circular spillway |
2.3. Laboratory Techniques
2.4. Statistics
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Characteristics of the Ditch Water Column
Season | Ditch | pH | Salinity | DO | Cond | Temp |
(g kg-1) | (mg L-1) | (µS) | (°C) | |||
Jan-Mar | ||||||
(Winter) | Box | 7.9 | 0.3 | 6.7 | 329 | 1.10 |
J.B. Foltz | 7.8 | 0.3 | 5.5 | 343 | 3.03 | |
Marshall | 7.3 | 0.3 | 6.5 | 324 | 1.57 | |
Apr-Jun | ||||||
(Spring) | Box | 8.2 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 423 | 11.1 |
J.B. Foltz | 7.7 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 462 | 20.2 | |
Marshall | 8.0 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 426 | 8.37 | |
Jul-Sep | ||||||
(Summer) | Box | 7.7 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 509 | 19.0 |
J.B. Foltz | 8.1 | 0.3 | 5.9 | 537 | 23.8 | |
Marshall | 8.0 | 0.4 | 4.6 | 664 | 14.8 | |
Oct-Dec | ||||||
(Fall) | Box | 8.0 | 0.3 | 8.5 | 325 | 3.82 |
J.B. Foltz | 7.9 | 0.3 | 8.9 | 346 | 6.69 | |
Marshall | 7.9 | 0.2 | 5.6 | 385 | 3.71 |
3.2. Sediment Equilibrium Characteristics
EPC0 | TDP | |||||
(mg L–1) | (mg L–1 ) | |||||
Mean | SD | r2 range | p–value | Mean | SD | |
Jan–Mar | ||||||
Box | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.24–0.94 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
J.B. Foltz | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.50–0.99 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Marshall | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.41–0.99 | <0.08 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Apr–Jun | ||||||
Box | 0.11* | 0.03 | 0.50–0.99 | <0.06 | 0.03* | 0.01 |
J.B. Foltz | 0.06* | 0.03 | 0.60–0.98 | <0.05 | 0.12* | 0.08 |
Marshall | 0.05* | 0.01 | 0.89–0.99 | <0.02 | 0.03* | 0.00 |
Jul–Sep | ||||||
Box | 0.05* | 0.01 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.01 | 0.11* | 0.05 |
J.B. Foltz | 6.20* | 9.33 | 0.08–0.99 | – | 0.75* | 0.80 |
Marshall | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.96–0.99 | <0.003 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
Oct–Dec | ||||||
Box | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.41–0.99 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.09 |
J.B. Foltz | 0.04* | 0.01 | 0.87–0.99 | 0.02 | 0.09* | 0.05 |
Marshall | 0.06* | 0.00 | 0.45–0.99 | <0.04 | 0.16* | 0.03 |
EPC0 | TDP | |||||||||
Upstream | Downstream | Upstream | Downstream | |||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Jan-Mar | ||||||||||
Box | 0.143 | 0.010 | 0.104 | 0.000 | 0.100 | 0.020 | 0.101 | 0.002 | ||
J.B. Foltz | 0.025 | 0.014 | 0.027 | 0.012 | 0.027 | 0.019 | 0.036 | 0.018 | ||
Marshall | 0.049 | 0.018 | 0.051 | 0.000 | 0.049 | 0.006 | 0.075 | 0.000 | ||
Apr-Jun | ||||||||||
Box | 0.107 | 0.024 | 0.104 | 0.026 | 0.033 | 0.008 | 0.033 | 0.011 | ||
J.B. Foltz | 0.046 | 0.020 | 0.067 | 0.029 | 0.105 | 0.088 | 0.131 | 0.073 | ||
Marshall | 0.052 | 0.007 | 0.051 | 0.010 | 0.032 | 0.005 | 0.036 | 0.001 | ||
Jul-Sep | ||||||||||
Box | 0.046 | 0.010 | 0.051 | 0.000 | 0.114 | 0.040 | 0.095 | 0.055 | ||
J.B. Foltz | 4.776 | 0.924 | 7.714 | 10.959 | 0.580 | 0.782 | 0.911 | 0.908 | ||
Marshall | 0.076 | 0.004 | 0.085 | 0.002 | 0.088 | 0.021 | 0.062 | 0.020 | ||
Oct-Dec | ||||||||||
Box | 0.252 | 0.090 | 0.144 | 0.006 | 0.159 | 0.081 | 0.184 | 0.079 | ||
J.B. Foltz | 0.046 | 0.019 | 0.042 | 0.010 | 0.084 | 0.058 | 0.099 | 0.056 | ||
Marshall | 0.063 | 0.001 | 0.109 | 0.000 | 0.140 | 0.020 | 0.194 | 0.010 |
3.3. Phosphorus Uptake of Upstream and Downstream Sediments
3.4. Sediment Exchangeable Nutrient
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Ahiablame, L.; Chaubey, I.; Smith, D. Nutrient Content at the Sediment-Water Interface of Tile-Fed Agricultural Drainage Ditches. Water 2010, 2, 411-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/w2030411
Ahiablame L, Chaubey I, Smith D. Nutrient Content at the Sediment-Water Interface of Tile-Fed Agricultural Drainage Ditches. Water. 2010; 2(3):411-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/w2030411
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhiablame, Laurent, Indrajeet Chaubey, and Douglas Smith. 2010. "Nutrient Content at the Sediment-Water Interface of Tile-Fed Agricultural Drainage Ditches" Water 2, no. 3: 411-428. https://doi.org/10.3390/w2030411