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Volume 18
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10.3390/w18020247
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Article

A Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Schiff Base-Functionalised Porous Platform for the Remediation of WEEE Polluted Effluents

by
Devika Vashisht
1,2,
Martin J. Taylor
2,
Amthal Al-Gailani
2,
Priyanka
1,2,
Aseem Vashisht
3,
Alex O. Ibhadon
2,*,
Ramesh Kataria
1,
Shweta Sharma
4 and
Surinder Kumar Mehta
1,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
2
School of Engineering and Technology, Chemical Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
3
University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
4
Institute of Forensic Science and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2026, 18(2), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020247 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 December 2025 / Revised: 13 January 2026 / Accepted: 15 January 2026 / Published: 16 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Adsorption Technologies in Wastewater Treatment)
Versions Notes

Abstract

An inorganic–organic hybrid nano-adsorbent was prepared by chemical immobilisation of an organic Schiff base Cu (II) ion receptor, DHB ((E)-N-(1-(2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide), a selective dehydroacetic acid-based chemosensor, onto a mesoporous silica support. In order to prepare the sorbent, the silylating agent was anchored onto the silica. During this procedure, 3-Chloropropyl trimethoxy silane (CPTS) was attached to the surface, increasing hydrophobicity. By immobilising DHB onto the CPTS platform, the silica surface was activated, and as a result the coordination chemistry of the Schiff base generated a hybrid adsorbent with the capability to rapidly sequestrate Cu (II) ions from wastewater, as an answer to combat growing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) contamination in water supplies, in the wake of a prolonged consumerism mentality and boom in cryptocurrency mining. The produced hybrid materials were characterised by FTIR, proximate and ultimate analysis, nitrogen physisorption, PXRD, SEM, and TEM. The parameters influencing the removal efficiency of the sorbent, including pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage, were optimised to achieve enhanced removal efficiency. Under optimal conditions (pH 7.0, adsorbent dosage 3 mg, contact time of 70 min, and 25 °C), Cu (II) ions were quantitatively sequestered from the sample solution; 93.1% of Cu (II) was removed under these conditions. The adsorption was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics, and Langmuir model fitting affirmed the monolayer adsorption.
Keywords: Cu (II) sequestration; inorganic–organic hybrid; porous support; WEEE Cu (II) sequestration; inorganic–organic hybrid; porous support; WEEE

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vashisht, D.; Taylor, M.J.; Al-Gailani, A.; Priyanka; Vashisht, A.; Ibhadon, A.O.; Kataria, R.; Sharma, S.; Mehta, S.K. A Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Schiff Base-Functionalised Porous Platform for the Remediation of WEEE Polluted Effluents. Water 2026, 18, 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020247

AMA Style

Vashisht D, Taylor MJ, Al-Gailani A, Priyanka, Vashisht A, Ibhadon AO, Kataria R, Sharma S, Mehta SK. A Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Schiff Base-Functionalised Porous Platform for the Remediation of WEEE Polluted Effluents. Water. 2026; 18(2):247. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020247

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vashisht, Devika, Martin J. Taylor, Amthal Al-Gailani, Priyanka, Aseem Vashisht, Alex O. Ibhadon, Ramesh Kataria, Shweta Sharma, and Surinder Kumar Mehta. 2026. "A Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Schiff Base-Functionalised Porous Platform for the Remediation of WEEE Polluted Effluents" Water 18, no. 2: 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020247

APA Style

Vashisht, D., Taylor, M. J., Al-Gailani, A., Priyanka, Vashisht, A., Ibhadon, A. O., Kataria, R., Sharma, S., & Mehta, S. K. (2026). A Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Schiff Base-Functionalised Porous Platform for the Remediation of WEEE Polluted Effluents. Water, 18(2), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020247

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