Economic Operation Scheme of Cascade Pump Station Group Under the Power Market Situation—Taking the Yellow River to Qingdao Project as an Example
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThis paper provides a clear and well-organized study on how to improve the cost and energy efficiency of water pumping stations that transfer water over long distances. It focuses on a real-life example: the Yellow River to Qingdao Water Regulation Project.
The study introduces a smart way to manage these pumping stations by using an innovative two-step optimization approach. This method ensures that each station operates efficiently on its own (within a station) while also working smoothly with other stations in the system (between stations). The research also takes into account electricity prices at different times of the day, helping to reduce costs further.
The approach is well-planned, using past data to build and test models that predict the best ways to run these pump stations. The study proves that the third model (Model 3) is the best at cutting down costs and saving electricity.
Overall, this research is an important contribution to the field of water management. It provides useful insights and practical solutions for making large-scale water transfer projects more efficient and cost-effective.
Author Response
Dear Reviewers 1:
Thank you for your comments concerning our manuscript entitled “Economic Operation Scheme of Cascade Pump Station Group under the Power Market Situation
——Taking Yellow River to Qingdao Project as Example”.
I deeply appreciate your valuable suggestions on the revision of this article. Wishing respected reviewers a wonderful day.
Sincerely,
All authors
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsHere are my moderate comments for this paper:
1 - The title format in the pdf file is wrong as it is broken into many lines.
2 - The typical structure of the introduction is not respected. It should be: 1 - scientific literature; 2 - existing gaps to bridge; 3 - objective and structure of the paper. The Authors switch from 1 to 2 and do not report 3. At the end of the introduction, too many details about the methodology are reported.
3 - Figures 3 and 4 are illegible and also poorly commented in the text.
4 - The description of the three models is useless at the end of the introduction, as it is present at the beginning of section 3.
5 - the symbol H is presented as head in equation 1 but it changes its meaning in equation 6.
6 - Figure 6 is poorly commented in the text.
7 - Figures 7 and 8 are useless as they are now. The reader cannot get anything from the graphs.
8 - line 362. How is it possible that the addition of a new constraint results in lower values of the objective function?
Comments on the Quality of English Language
Some improvements are required, such as:
1 - lines 134-136 are in bad English
2 - lines 162-164 are cryptic
3 - lines 315-315 What does it mean that decision variables are made???
Author Response
Dear Reviewers 2:
Thank you for your comments concerning our manuscript entitled “Economic Operation Scheme of Cascade Pump Station Group under the Power Market Situation
——Taking Yellow River to Qingdao Project as Example”. Those comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised portion are marked in red in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer’s comments are as flowing:
Suggestion1- The title format in the pdf file is wrong as it is broken into many lines.
Answer1-We are very sorry for this issue and will further communicate with the journal editor to complete the format modification.
Suggestion2- The typical structure of the introduction is not respected. It should be: 1 - scientific literature; 2 - existing gaps to bridge; 3 - objective and structure of the paper. The Authors switch from 1 to 2 and do not report 3. At the end of the introduction, too many details about the methodology are reported.
Answer2-We have revised the introduction section to meet the order you proposed. (yellow mark)
Suggestion3- Figures 3 and 4 are illegible and also poorly commented in the text.
Answer3-Figures 3 and 4 are intended to show the flow and power distribution of the pumping station when operating at maximum efficiency and are used to visualize the synergistic working relationship between the pumping units. The image pixels have been optimized to improve readability. The main purpose of these plots is to provide a visual reference for optimizing the operation strategy and to help understand the energy consumption and flow distribution characteristics of the pumping station under different operating conditions.
Suggestion4- The description of the three models is useless at the end of the introduction, as it is present at the beginning of section 3.
Answer4-We have revised the introduction section (yellow mark)
Suggestion5- the symbol H is presented as head in equation 1 but it changes its meaning in equation 6.
Answer5-We apologize for this oversight and have revised formula 6.
Suggestion6- Figure 6 is poorly commented in the text.
Answer6-Figure 6 is the flowchart of this article. We have enlarged the image font and clarity to enhance readability.
Suggestion7- Figures 7 and 8 are useless as they are now. The reader cannot get anything from the graphs.
Answer7-The inclusion of Figures 7 and 8 is essential as they visually represent the outcomes of the optimization models under various operating conditions. These figures provide a clear and concise way to compare the performance of different models in terms of flow and power results, which are critical for understanding the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategies.
Visual representation through graphs allows readers to quickly grasp the trends and differences between the models, such as how each model adjusts flow and power consumption under varying pumping conditions. This is particularly important for demonstrating the practical implications of the optimization models and validating their potential for improving operational efficiency. Therefore, these figures are not only necessary but also crucial for conveying the research findings effectively.
Suggestion8- line 362. How is it possible that the addition of a new constraint results in lower values of the objective function?
Answer8-Thank you for your insightful comment regarding the objective function values in the presence of additional constraints. I believe you are referring to the observation that Model 3, which incorporates additional constraints related to hydraulic regulation and time-of-use tariffs, achieves lower values of the objective function compared to Model 1, which focuses solely on minimizing the total electricity cost. This phenomenon can be explained by the enhanced optimization strategy employed in Model 3.
In Model 3, the integration of hydraulic regulation and time-of-use tariffs allows for a more flexible and coordinated operation of the pumping stations. By leveraging the storage capacity of the canal sections and optimizing the timing of pump operations to align with low-cost electricity periods, Model 3 can achieve significant cost savings. This is reflected in the objective function value, which represents the total electricity cost. The detailed process of this optimization is outlined in Equation (1) and further elaborated in the model description.
I apologize if the explanation provided in the manuscript was not clear enough. I would appreciate it if you could provide further clarification or specific suggestions to help us better address your concerns. Our intention is to ensure that the manuscript provides a comprehensive and clear understanding of the optimization strategies and their outcomes. Thank you again for your valuable feedback. Wishing respected reviewers a wonderful day.
Sincerely,
All authors
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 3 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThis research is technically sound, generally well-written, methods, and analysis. The results are fairly clearly presented. However, there are several factors which detract from the quality of the manuscript. The reviewer cannot recommend publication of this work in its present form. Therefore, the manuscripts should have the major revision. The reviewer lists some comments and it needs to edit and respond to the following:
1- The text is required an overall revision regarding grammar and technical terms, so it should be edited specifically for the language by some native editors.
2- Authors have to add some quantitative results in the Abstract.
3- Introduction chapter requires the research purposes in detail. Since they are vague in their present form, please revise them.
4- Missing research gab and problem poorly communicated.
5- Flowchart of the study.
6- The quality of the figures should be deeply improved and the size increased.
7- Section results are poorly written without discussion, the authors of the article can use the research background at their discretion.
8- How can the results of this study help politicians and managers?
9- How can engineers apply the results of this research to practical purposes? Please, if possible, clarify.
10- What's the limitation of current study?
11- Conclusion section needs to be revised. It is suggested to add the limitation of study and suggested planning for the future's studies in this section.
Comments on the Quality of English LanguageThe English could be improved to more clearly express the research.
Author Response
Dear Reviewers 3:
Thank you for your comments concerning our manuscript entitled “Economic Operation Scheme of Cascade Pump Station Group under the Power Market Situation
——Taking Yellow River to Qingdao Project as Example”. Those comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised portion are marked in red in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer’s comments are as flowing:
Suggestion1-The text is required an overall revision regarding grammar and technical terms, so it should be edited specifically for the language by some native editors.
Answer1-Thank you for point this out. We have already checked this manuscript in detail. If our modifications do not meet your requirements, please continue to contact me.
Suggestion2-Authors have to add some quantitative results in the Abstract.
Answer2-Thank you for your suggestion, we have already revised our abstract. (yellow mark)
Suggestion3-Introduction chapter requires the research purposes in detail. Since they are vague in their present form, please revise them.
Answer3-We revised the “Introduction” chapter to clarify our research purpose (the last two paragraphs of the introduction, yellow mark)
Suggestion4-Missing research gab and problem poorly communicated.
Answer4-Thank you for your valuable feedback. We fully understand the importance of ensuring the completeness of our research and the clarity of our problem statements during the research process. In response to your comment regarding the “missing research gap and poorly communicated problem,” we have made detailed revisions throughout the entire manuscript. Due to the extensive nature of the changes, we have not annotated each one individually.
Suggestion5-Flowchart of the study.
Answer5-The research flowchart is shown in Figure 6.
Suggestion6-The quality of the figures should be deeply improved and the size increased.
Answer6-We have realized the issue of unclear images and have made modifications. We will further communicate with the journal editor to improve the quality of the images.
Suggestion7-Section results are poorly written without discussion, the authors of the article can use the research background at their discretion.
Answer7-Thank you for your insightful suggestion. We have taken your advice into consideration and have incorporated a comprehensive discussion section into our manuscript. See 4.3 Discussion for details. (yellow mark)
Suggestion8-How can the results of this study help politicians and managers?
Answer8-We analyzed this part in (4)Innovation analysis(yellow mark)
Moreover, the study explores the temporal coordination in pumping station operations. Without considering time-of-day tariffs, stations typically fail to capitalize on the variability of electricity prices to minimize costs. By incorporating time-of-day tariffs into the operational strategy, this research optimizes the regulation of pumping stations to prioritize operation during off-peak hours when tariffs are lower. By employing this meticulous time management, the pumping stations can ensure uninterrupted water supply while achieving maximum cost-effectiveness. This approach provides a novel framework for the optimal regulation of cascade pumping stations, balancing operational efficiency with economic sustainability.
Suggestion9-How can engineers apply the results of this research to practical purposes? Please, if possible, clarify.
Answer9-Engineers can apply the results of this research to practical purposes in flowing area:
(1)Model Selection and Application Scenarios
Model 1 (Targeting the Lowest Electricity Cost): This model is suitable for scenarios where electricity costs are highly sensitive, such as in regions with significant electricity price fluctuations or large differences between peak and off-peak tariffs. Engineers can use the optimization strategy of Model 1 to adjust the operation schedule of pumping stations, prioritizing operation during off-peak hours to significantly reduce operational costs. This model is particularly ideal for water transfer projects that require long-term stable operation and strict cost control.
Model 2 (Targeting the Lowest Electricity Consumption): This model is ideal for scenarios where energy efficiency is a priority, such as in areas with limited power supply or where energy conservation and emission reduction are critical. By optimizing the operation of pumping stations to minimize energy consumption, engineers can achieve higher energy efficiency. This model helps engineers to make the most of limited power resources and ensure efficient water resource allocation.
Model 3 (Considering Hydraulic Regulation and Time-of-Use Tariffs): This model is designed for complex scenarios that require the integration of hydraulic regulation and electricity cost management. Model 3 optimizes the operation of pumping stations and sluice gates to match the hydraulic transfer time with the time-of-use tariffs, allowing all pumping stations along the channel to operate predominantly during low-tariff periods. This model is particularly suitable for water transfer projects that demand high flexibility and economic efficiency, such as those requiring frequent water level adjustments or emergency responses.
(2) Practical Application of Optimized Operation Strategies
Real-Time Scheduling Optimization: Engineers can use the model results to dynamically adjust the operation strategies of pumping stations based on real-time electricity market prices and flow demands. For example, reducing the operational load during peak tariff periods and increasing operation during off-peak hours can minimize costs.
Equipment Maintenance and Lifespan Management: Optimized operation strategies can reduce frequent start-stop cycles of pumping stations, thereby decreasing equipment wear and extending service life. Engineers can use the optimized operation plans to schedule maintenance and repairs more efficiently, further reducing operational costs.
Enhancing System Flexibility: By optimizing the coordinated operation of pumping stations and sluice gates, engineers can improve the flexibility and adaptability of the entire water transfer system. For example, in the event of sudden flow changes or power supply interruptions, the system can quickly adjust through optimized scheduling to ensure water supply safety.
(3)Data-Driven Decision Support
Historical Data and Model Calibration: Engineers can use historical operation data to calibrate and validate the models, ensuring the feasibility and reliability of the optimization plans. By analyzing historical data, engineers can better understand the actual operating characteristics of pumping stations and adjust model parameters accordingly to make them more consistent with real working conditions.
Long-Term Planning and Strategy Development: The optimization results can provide data support for long-term planning and strategy development of water transfer projects. For example, engineers can use the predicted energy-saving effects and cost-saving potential from the models to develop future investment plans and equipment upgrade strategies.
(4)Cross-Departmental Collaboration and Integrated Management
Collaboration with Power Suppliers: Engineers can collaborate with electricity providers to obtain more detailed information about the electricity market, enabling better utilization of time-of-use tariffs. By coordinating with power suppliers, water transfer projects can negotiate more favorable electricity tariffs, further reducing operational costs.
Optimizing Water Resource Management: The optimized operation strategies of pumping stations can not only reduce operational costs but also improve the efficiency of water resource allocation. Engineers can apply the optimization results to water resource management to achieve rational distribution and efficient use of water resources, especially in the face of droughts or water shortages.
In summary, this research provides engineers with a comprehensive set of optimization tools and methods that can help them better address economic, energy, and hydraulic regulation challenges in water transfer projects. By flexibly applying these models, engineers can achieve cost minimization, energy efficiency, and enhanced system flexibility in various scenarios, thereby promoting the sustainable development of water transfer projects.
Suggestion10-What's the limitation of current study?
Answer10-We analyzed the limitation in 4.3 Discussion(1) Limitations of the Study(yellow mark)
Firstly, this study does not incorporate ecological factors, such as the impact of water transfer on local ecosystems or the potential for environmental protection measures. Additionally, this study does not fully consider real-time constraints like equipment failures, or emergency situations, which could affect the practical implementation of the proposed strategies. Lastly, the models do not account for the impacts of climate change on water availability and demand, which is increasingly important for long-term water resource planning.
Suggestion11- Conclusion section needs to be revised. It is suggested to add the limitation of study and suggested planning for the future's studies in this section.
Answer11-We revised the conclusion section to add limitation and suggestions of this study. See “conclusion” part in detail (yellow mark)
I deeply appreciate your valuable suggestions on the revision of this article. Wishing respected reviewers a wonderful day.
Sincerely,
All authors
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Round 2
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThe Authors have replied to all my comments
Reviewer 3 Report
Comments and Suggestions for Authors-
