Effect of the Shear Band on Water Migration in the Interface Between Lean Clay and an Engineering Structure: A Case Study of Loess-like Soil in Changchun Area, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Experimental Grouping and Design
2.2.1. Experimental Grouping
2.2.2. Direct Shear Test
2.2.3. Soil Water Migration Test with the Shear Band
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of the Dry Density of Soil in the Lean Clay–Concrete Shear Band
3.2. Changes in the Rate of Water Migration in Soil Under Different Influencing Factors
- (1)
- Shear Displacement
- (2)
- Normal stress
3.3. Changes in Soil Volume Water Content Under Different Influencing Factors
- (1)
- Shear Displacement
- (2)
- Normal stress
4. Numerical Simulation
4.1. Model Principle
4.2. Parameter Values
4.3. Model Verification and Prediction
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The water migration rate of the soil containing the shear band in the interface area decreased. A substantial amount of moisture accumulated within the shear band, and the water content was positively correlated with the shear strength of the interface.
- (2)
- The shear displacement and normal stress significantly affect moisture migration within the interface region. With the increase in shear displacement, the volume water content of the soil in the shear band decreased initially and then increased, and the inflection point corresponded to the displacement at which the interface failed. The volume water content of the soil in the shear band exhibited a negative correlation with normal stress.
- (3)
- A numerical model of water migration within the lean clay–structure interface region with a shear band was established. The model effectively simulates the process of water migration in the lean clay–structure interface region.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Particle Diameter (%) | Optimum Water Content (%) | Maximum Dry Density (g/cm3) | Liquid Limit (%) | Plastic Limit (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2–0.075 mm | 0.075–0.005 mm | <0.005 mm | ||||
1.4 | 66.06 | 32.54 | 20.7 | 1.64 | 34.39 | 19.04 |
Water | Cement | Sand | Gravel | Superplasticizer |
---|---|---|---|---|
180 | 360 | 705 | 1155 | 1.44 |
Groups | Number | Initial Water Content/% | Normal Stress/kPa | Shear Displacement/mm | Number of Samples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | G1-JX | 20.7 | 300 | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 | 25 |
G2 | G2-JX | 20.7 | 400 | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 | 25 |
G3 | G3-JX | 20.7 | 500 | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 | 25 |
Shear Displacement (mm)/Position | Group | ||
---|---|---|---|
G1 | G2 | G3 | |
0/Inside the shear band | 1.7000 | 1.7331 | 1.7512 |
3/Inside the shear band | 1.7752 | 1.7968 | 1.7985 |
6/Inside the shear band | 1.8048 | 1.8452 | 1.8582 |
9/Inside the shear band | 1.8390 | 1.8758 | 1.8827 |
12/Inside the shear band | 1.8255 | 1.8519 | 1.8776 |
0/Outside the shear band | 1.6071 | 1.6434 | 1.6533 |
3/Outside the shear band | 1.6533 | 1.7049 | 1.7186 |
6/Outside the shear band | 1.6854 | 1.7729 | 1.7904 |
9/Outside the shear band | 1.7352 | 1.7852 | 1.7976 |
12/Outside the shear band | 1.7311 | 1.7415 | 1.7745 |
Group | Sensor 1 | Sensor 2 | Sensor 3 | Sensor 4 | Sensor 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G2-J0 | 34.7652 | 17.3788 | 4.6260 | 2.3013 | 1.2683 |
G2-J3 | 28.6589 | 14.9105 | 4.5971 | 2.1800 | 1.1526 |
G2-J6 | 28.4000 | 14.4722 | 4.0581 | 2.0035 | 1.0656 |
G2-J9 | 26.1043 | 13.7580 | 3.7796 | 1.5002 | 0.7284 |
G2-J12 | 26.0233 | 13.6081 | 3.9069 | 1.9900 | 0.9814 |
Position | Inside/Outside Shear Band | Ordinary Soil | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shear Displacement | 0 mm | 3 mm | 6 mm | 9 mm | 12 mm | ||
Parameters | |||||||
a (^10−3 kPa−1) | 5.043/9.951 | 3.177/6.221 | 2.260/3.769 | 1.830/3.450 | 2.157/4.474 | 6.404 | |
m | 0.400/0.368 | 0.300/0.352 | 0.255/0.317 | 0.217/0.309 | 0.247/0.336 | 0.354 | |
n | 1.515/1.583 | 1.429/1.543 | 1.342/1.465 | 1.277/1.447 | 1.328/1.505 | 1.547 | |
(%) | 0.42 | ||||||
(%) | 0.045 | ||||||
ks (^10−10 m/s) | 2.772/3.680 | 2.250/3.034 | 1.911/2.435 | 1.719/2.338 | 1.867/2.697 | 6.165 |
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Wang, B.; Fu, L.; Wang, Q.; Chen, H.; Feng, X.; Pan, J. Effect of the Shear Band on Water Migration in the Interface Between Lean Clay and an Engineering Structure: A Case Study of Loess-like Soil in Changchun Area, China. Water 2025, 17, 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030350
Wang B, Fu L, Wang Q, Chen H, Feng X, Pan J. Effect of the Shear Band on Water Migration in the Interface Between Lean Clay and an Engineering Structure: A Case Study of Loess-like Soil in Changchun Area, China. Water. 2025; 17(3):350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030350
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Boxin, Lanting Fu, Qing Wang, Huie Chen, Xue Feng, and Jingjing Pan. 2025. "Effect of the Shear Band on Water Migration in the Interface Between Lean Clay and an Engineering Structure: A Case Study of Loess-like Soil in Changchun Area, China" Water 17, no. 3: 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030350
APA StyleWang, B., Fu, L., Wang, Q., Chen, H., Feng, X., & Pan, J. (2025). Effect of the Shear Band on Water Migration in the Interface Between Lean Clay and an Engineering Structure: A Case Study of Loess-like Soil in Changchun Area, China. Water, 17(3), 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030350