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Water
Volume 17
Issue 21
10.3390/w17213062
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Article

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Solar Radiation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Freshwater Ice Based on Indoor Simulation Experiments

by
Chunyang Song
1,
Enliang Wang
1,2,*,
Xingchao Liu
1 and
Hongwei Han
1,2
1
School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
2
Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2025, 17(21), 3062; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213062 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 September 2025 / Revised: 14 October 2025 / Accepted: 23 October 2025 / Published: 25 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in the Lake, River, and Sea Ice Sciences and Engineering)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In cold regions, solar radiation triggers the spring ablation of river ice layers, thereby changing their physical traits and mechanical behavior. This study uses the Heilongjiang River section near Mohe Arctic Village as the research prototype area. It analyzes the impact of solar radiation on ice density and uniaxial compressive strength through indoor simulation tests and multiple regression analysis, aiming to reveal the influence mechanism on uniaxial compressive strength. The results show that after applying a cumulative amount of simulated solar radiation of 84 MJ/m2, the ice density decreases by 3.88%, and the loss rate of uniaxial compressive strength can exceed 50%. Solar radiation promotes the transformation of the uniaxial compressive failure mode from ductile to brittle. The established multiple regression model attains a coefficient of determination of 0.891. In the spring ice-melting period in cold regions, the impact of solar radiation on ice strength should be fully considered in the design of ice condition early warnings and water conservancy projects for ice flood prevention.
Keywords: solar radiation; artificial freshwater ice; ice density; uniaxial compressive strength; multiple linear regression solar radiation; artificial freshwater ice; ice density; uniaxial compressive strength; multiple linear regression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Song, C.; Wang, E.; Liu, X.; Han, H. Study on the Influence Mechanism of Solar Radiation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Freshwater Ice Based on Indoor Simulation Experiments. Water 2025, 17, 3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213062

AMA Style

Song C, Wang E, Liu X, Han H. Study on the Influence Mechanism of Solar Radiation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Freshwater Ice Based on Indoor Simulation Experiments. Water. 2025; 17(21):3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213062

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Chunyang, Enliang Wang, Xingchao Liu, and Hongwei Han. 2025. "Study on the Influence Mechanism of Solar Radiation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Freshwater Ice Based on Indoor Simulation Experiments" Water 17, no. 21: 3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213062

APA Style

Song, C., Wang, E., Liu, X., & Han, H. (2025). Study on the Influence Mechanism of Solar Radiation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Artificial Freshwater Ice Based on Indoor Simulation Experiments. Water, 17(21), 3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17213062

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