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Volume 17
Issue 16
10.3390/w17162476
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Article

Applied Hydrogeological Assessment and GIS-Based Modeling of Transboundary Aquifers in the Shu River Basin

by
Sultan Tazhiyev
1,
Yermek Murtazin
1,
Valentina Rakhimova
1,
Issa Rakhmetov
1,
Dinara Adenova
1,
Kalamkas Koshpanova
1,
Yevgeniy Sotnikov
1,
Makhabbat Abdizhalel
2,3,
Aigerim Akylbayeva
2,3,* and
Darkhan Yerezhep
2,3,*
1
U.M. Akmedsafin Institute of Hydrogeology and Geoecology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
2
Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
3
Institute Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2025, 17(16), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162476
Submission received: 20 July 2025 / Revised: 10 August 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 20 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Pollution Remediation)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Groundwater is a strategically important source of drinking water supply in the arid and rural regions of Kazakhstan. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater at 11 water intakes located in the Kordai, Shu, and Merke Districts of the Shu transboundary basin in the Zhambyl Region. A comprehensive assessment of physicochemical parameters was performed, including concentrations of nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, iron, manganese, and other constituents, with subsequent comparison against regulatory limits defined by Order No. 26 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan (dated 20 February 2023), GOST standards, and ST RK ISO standards. The findings revealed that a number of water intakes exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for specific indicators, especially in areas subject to significant anthropogenic pressure. The most vulnerable sources were identified near settlements characterized by intensive agricultural practices and inadequate wastewater treatment systems. Spatial comparison of the results enabled the identification of potentially contaminated areas as well as aquifer zones suitable for drinking water supply. The study emphasizes the importance of regular groundwater monitoring and spatial analysis techniques (GIS) to enhance the reliability and comprehensiveness of water quality assessments. The data obtained in this study can serve as a basis for informed decision-making in the area of water resource protection and contribute to the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6)—to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
Keywords: groundwater; water quality; monitoring; Kazakhstan; drinking water quality standards; SDG 6; transboundary resources; Zhambyl region; Shu river groundwater; water quality; monitoring; Kazakhstan; drinking water quality standards; SDG 6; transboundary resources; Zhambyl region; Shu river

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tazhiyev, S.; Murtazin, Y.; Rakhimova, V.; Rakhmetov, I.; Adenova, D.; Koshpanova, K.; Sotnikov, Y.; Abdizhalel, M.; Akylbayeva, A.; Yerezhep, D. Applied Hydrogeological Assessment and GIS-Based Modeling of Transboundary Aquifers in the Shu River Basin. Water 2025, 17, 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162476

AMA Style

Tazhiyev S, Murtazin Y, Rakhimova V, Rakhmetov I, Adenova D, Koshpanova K, Sotnikov Y, Abdizhalel M, Akylbayeva A, Yerezhep D. Applied Hydrogeological Assessment and GIS-Based Modeling of Transboundary Aquifers in the Shu River Basin. Water. 2025; 17(16):2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162476

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tazhiyev, Sultan, Yermek Murtazin, Valentina Rakhimova, Issa Rakhmetov, Dinara Adenova, Kalamkas Koshpanova, Yevgeniy Sotnikov, Makhabbat Abdizhalel, Aigerim Akylbayeva, and Darkhan Yerezhep. 2025. "Applied Hydrogeological Assessment and GIS-Based Modeling of Transboundary Aquifers in the Shu River Basin" Water 17, no. 16: 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162476

APA Style

Tazhiyev, S., Murtazin, Y., Rakhimova, V., Rakhmetov, I., Adenova, D., Koshpanova, K., Sotnikov, Y., Abdizhalel, M., Akylbayeva, A., & Yerezhep, D. (2025). Applied Hydrogeological Assessment and GIS-Based Modeling of Transboundary Aquifers in the Shu River Basin. Water, 17(16), 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162476

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