A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater

Hu, Jie; Xu, Bing; Gao, Jie; Yan, Jiabao; Fan, Guozhi

doi:10.3390/w17101435

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A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater

by

Jie Hu

^1,*

,

Bing Xu

^1,*,

Jie Gao

¹,

Jiabao Yan

² and

Guozhi Fan

¹

School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China

²

Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Water 2025, 17(10), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101435

Submission received: 17 March 2025 / Revised: 18 April 2025 / Accepted: 8 May 2025 / Published: 9 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)

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Abstract

Robust strains with high simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) capabilities in hypersaline wastewater, particularly those containing different oxysalts, are rarely reported. Here, an isolated oxysalt-tolerant bacterium, Marinobacter sp. Y2, showed excellent nitrogen removal capabilities of around 98% at 11% salinity of NaCl or oxysalts such as Na₂SO₄, Na₂HPO₄, NaHCO₃, and NaNO₃ through response surface methodology optimization. At >5% salinities, Marinobacter sp. Y2 showed superior nitrogen removal performance in oxysalt-laden wastewater compared to chloride-based wastewater. In contrast, other SND strains, including Pseudomonas sp. and Halomonas sp., experienced significant activity inhibition and even bacterial demise in oxysalt-rich wastewater, despite their high halotolerance to NaCl. The excellent SND activities of the oxysalt-tolerant strain were further validated using single and mixed nitrogen sources at 11% Na₂SO₄ salinity. Moreover, the amplification of nitrogen removal functional genes and the corresponding enzyme activities elucidated the nitrogen metabolism pathway of the strain in harsh oxysalt environments.

Keywords: hypersaline wastewater; oxysalt-tolerant; simultaneous nitrification and denitrification; nitrogen removal characteristic; nitrogen metabolism pathway

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, J.; Xu, B.; Gao, J.; Yan, J.; Fan, G. A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater. Water 2025, 17, 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101435

AMA Style

Hu J, Xu B, Gao J, Yan J, Fan G. A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater. Water. 2025; 17(10):1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101435

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Jie, Bing Xu, Jie Gao, Jiabao Yan, and Guozhi Fan. 2025. "A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater" Water 17, no. 10: 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101435

APA Style

Hu, J., Xu, B., Gao, J., Yan, J., & Fan, G. (2025). A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater. Water, 17(10), 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101435

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A Robust Oxysalt-Tolerant Bacterium Marinobacter sp. for Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification of Hypersaline Wastewater

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