Phage-Based Biocontrol of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
2.2. Antibiotic Sensitivity
2.3. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage
2.4. Biological Features of Bacteriophages
2.4.1. One-Step Growth Curve of the Isolated Phage
2.4.2. Effect of Temperature, pH, and Toxic Substances on Phage
2.4.3. Morphological Study of Phage Using the Transmission Electron Microscope
2.4.4. Analysis of Phage-Host Ratio of Bacteriolysis In Vitro
2.4.5. Phage Action on Biofilm of Aeromonas spp.
2.5. Feasibility Test of Phage-Based Biocontrol in Mixed Cultures
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Isolated Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Livestock WWTP Effluent
3.2. Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophage
3.2.1. Phage Morphology
3.2.2. Phage Stability
3.2.3. One-Step Growth Curve
3.2.4. Effect of Phage-to-Host Ratio on Bacteriolysis
3.2.5. Biofilm Reduction by Lytic Aerophage
3.3. Bacterial Community Analysis in Lab-Scale Batch Reactors Controlled by Aerophage
3.4. Potential Application and Limitation in Wastewater Treatment Systems
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phage/Host Ratio | Bacteriolytic Activity (% Live Cell) | Optical Density at 600 nm |
---|---|---|
Blank | 96.9 ± 0.7 | 0.25 ± 0.03 |
0.01:100 | 79.9 ± 0.5 | 0.26 ± 0.02 |
0.1:100 | 44.3 ± 0.3 | 0.18 ± 0.01 |
1:100 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 0.06 ± 0.007 |
10:100 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.004 ± 0.00 |
100:100 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.002 ± 0.00 |
COD (mg/L) | NH3-N (mg/L) | PO43−-P (mg/L) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 h | 12 h | 24 h | 0 h | 12 h | 24 h | 0 h | 12 h | 24 h | |
Batch reactor without lytic phage | 352 ± 3.5 | 50 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 26.2 ± 0.0 | 5.2 ± 0.0 | 3.3 ± 0.0 | 4.3 ± 0.0 | 7.5 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.2 |
Batch reactor with lytic phage | 352 ± 3.5 | 52 ±0.0 | 0 ± 0.0 | 26.2 ± 0.0 | 5.2 ± 0.0 | 3.2 ± 0.0 | 4.3 ± 0.0 | 7.8 ± 0.0 | 7.8 ± 0.2 |
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Pallavali, R.; Shin, D.; Choi, J. Phage-Based Biocontrol of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water 2023, 15, 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081616
Pallavali R, Shin D, Choi J. Phage-Based Biocontrol of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water. 2023; 15(8):1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081616
Chicago/Turabian StylePallavali, Rojarani, Donghyeok Shin, and Jeongdong Choi. 2023. "Phage-Based Biocontrol of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plant" Water 15, no. 8: 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081616
APA StylePallavali, R., Shin, D., & Choi, J. (2023). Phage-Based Biocontrol of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Livestock Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water, 15(8), 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081616