Characteristics of Large-Scale Coherent Structures on Irregularly Arranged Rough-Bed Open-Channel Flows
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Facilities and Experiments
2.2. Power Spectrum
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Determination of the Theoretical Zero Point of Irregularly Arranged Rough-Bed
3.2. Profiles of Typical Statistics
3.3. Presence of LSMs and VLSMs and Their Scales
3.4. Strength of VLSMs
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The difference in the measurement locations (pebble gap and top) had a considerably small influence on the standardized time average velocity distribution. The typical statistics of the irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF are consistent with previous classical research. The friction Reynolds number and roughness coefficient have a certain modulation effect on the radial and vertical velocity pulsations.
- (2)
- The double peak phenomenon of LSMs and VLSMs exists in the present irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF, which is similar to the results of the smooth-bed OCF and the regular rough-bed OCF. Under the same aspect ratio ranges, the wavelengths of VLSMs on the irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF appear minimal among different bed scenarios (i.e., smooth-bed OCF, regular rough-bed OCF, and irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF), and the result of the smooth-bed OCF is the opposite.
- (3)
- The contributions of VLSMs to the turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds shear stress in the irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF are greater than those in the smooth-bed OCF. More than 60% of the turbulent kinetic energy and 40% of the Reynolds shear stress originate from VLSMs in the present irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF. Similar to those in the smooth-bed OCF, VLSMs in the present, irregularly arranged rough-bed OCF also play major roles in contributing to the turbulent energy and Reynolds shear stress.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | H (m) | B/H | u (m2/s) | Um (m/s) | u* (m/s) | Fr | Re | Ret | ks+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H055Ret1780 | 0.055 | 10.2 | 1.03 × 10−6 | 0.428 | 0.034 | 0.583 | 22,757 | 1785 | 442 |
H075Ret2760 | 0.075 | 7.5 | 1.03 × 10−6 | 0.506 | 0.038 | 0.590 | 36,714 | 2762 | 494 |
H100Ret4110 | 0.100 | 5.6 | 1.03 × 10−6 | 0.586 | 0.042 | 0.592 | 56,671 | 4110 | 546 |
Case | Image Size (Pixels) | Resolution (Pixel/mm) | Fs | T (s) | Number of Images | Δx+ | TUm/h | ΔTUm/h | ΔT+ | y* (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H055Ret1780 | 1024 × 128 | 0.062 | 800 | 1879.25 | 1503,400 | 4.22 | 14,616 | 0.0097 | 1.24 | 0.0323 |
H075Ret2760 | 1496 × 128 | 0.062 | 800 | 1544.51 | 1235,610 | 7.52 | 10,422 | 0.0084 | 1.81 | 0.0267 |
H100Ret4110 | 1600 × 128 | 0.062 | 800 | 1684.99 | 1347,990 | 11.99 | 9872 | 0.0073 | 2.46 | 0.0229 |
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Wang, Y.; Zhang, P.; Yang, S.; Hu, C.; Jin, J.; Zhang, R. Characteristics of Large-Scale Coherent Structures on Irregularly Arranged Rough-Bed Open-Channel Flows. Water 2023, 15, 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061105
Wang Y, Zhang P, Yang S, Hu C, Jin J, Zhang R. Characteristics of Large-Scale Coherent Structures on Irregularly Arranged Rough-Bed Open-Channel Flows. Water. 2023; 15(6):1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061105
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yongqiang, Peng Zhang, Shengfa Yang, Chunhong Hu, Jianling Jin, and Rangang Zhang. 2023. "Characteristics of Large-Scale Coherent Structures on Irregularly Arranged Rough-Bed Open-Channel Flows" Water 15, no. 6: 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061105
APA StyleWang, Y., Zhang, P., Yang, S., Hu, C., Jin, J., & Zhang, R. (2023). Characteristics of Large-Scale Coherent Structures on Irregularly Arranged Rough-Bed Open-Channel Flows. Water, 15(6), 1105. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061105