Comparison of the Meiofauna and Marine Nematode Communities before and after Removal of Spartina alterniflora in the Mangrove Wetland of Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sampling Stations
2.2. Sample Handling and Sorting
2.3. Data Processing and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Composition, Abundance, and Biomass
3.2. Marine Nematode Abundance and Biomass
3.3. Marine Nematode Dominant Genus
3.4. Marine Nematode Diversity and K-Dominance Analysis
3.5. Cluster Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Composition, Abundance, and Biomass of Meiofauna before and after Removal of Spartina alterniflora
4.2. A Comparison of Marine Nematode Diversity and Dominant Genera between S. alterniflora and Mangrove Habitats
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Station | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|
A | 24.9213 | 118.6686 |
B | 24.9222 | 118.6699 |
C | 24.9210 | 118.6696 |
D | 24.9184 | 118.6702 |
E | 24.9177 | 118.6703 |
CS | 24.9211 | 118.6687 |
Date | Group | Station A | Station B | Station C | Station D | Station E | Station CS | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022.09 | Nematoda | 127.17 ± 155.58 | 179.91 ± 245.15 | 130.96 ± 102.41 | 327.52 ± 329.01 | 233.15 ± 107.05 | 78.98 ± 18.91 | 179.61 ± 159.69 |
Copepoda | 0.5 ± 0 | 11.35 ± 15.34 | 12.87 ± 16.77 | 0 ± 0 | 30.03 ± 2.5 | 30.28 ± 27.83 | 14.17 ± 10.41 | |
Oligochaeta | 0.5 ± 0.71 | 0.5 ± 0.71 | 1.51 ± 1.43 | 0 ± 0 | 0.76 ± 1.07 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 0.59 ± 0.71 | |
Polychaeta | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 1.51 ± 1.43 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.25 ± 0.24 | |
Turbellaria | 1.01 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.17 ± 0 | |
Total | 129.19 ± 156.3 | 191.77 ± 259.78 | 146.85 ± 122.04 | 327.52 ± 329.01 | 263.93 ± 103.48 | 109.51 ± 46.39 | 194.8 ± 169.5 | |
2022.10 | Nematoda | 14.89 ± 10.35 | 17.92 ± 12.49 | 31.79 ± 17.13 | 126.92 ± 57.45 | 97.9 ± 44.25 | 3.03 ± 2.14 | 48.74 ± 23.97 |
Turbellaria | 0.76 ± 1.07 | 1.01 ± 0.71 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 9.08 ± 12.85 | 8.83 ± 3.93 | 0.5 ± 0.71 | 3.41 ± 3.27 | |
Copepoda | 0 ± 0 | 0.76 ± 0.36 | 0 ± 0 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 0 ± 0 | 4.04 ± 5.71 | 0.84 ± 1.07 | |
Oligochaeta | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 0 ± 0 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | |
Total | 15.64 ± 11.42 | 19.68 ± 11.42 | 32.05 ± 17.49 | 136.26 ± 70.66 | 106.99 ± 47.82 | 7.57 ± 4.28 | 53.03 ± 27.18 | |
2022.12 | Nematoda | 118.59 ± 5 | 167.54 ± 42.82 | 59.55 ± 6.42 | 50.47 ± 28.55 | 110.27 ± 119.54 | 67.88 ± 19.63 | 95.72 ± 36.99 |
Turbellaria | 4.54 ± 5 | 0 ± 0 | 1.26 ± 1.78 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.5 ± 0.71 | 1.05 ± 1.25 | |
Copepoda | 1.01 ± 0.71 | 4.79 ± 2.5 | 17.41 ± 22.48 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 4 ± 4.46 | |
Oligochaeta | 7.07 ± 4.28 | 1.77 ± 0.36 | 1.01 ± 0 | 4.29 ± 6.07 | 3.53 ± 5 | 1.77 ± 1.07 | 3.24 ± 2.8 | |
Total | 131.21 ± 3.57 | 174.11 ± 40.68 | 79.23 ± 27.12 | 55.01 ± 34.97 | 114.05 ± 124.18 | 70.40 ± 21.77 | 104.00 ± 42.05 | |
2023.03 | Nematoda | 357.8 ± 189.84 | 679.77 ± 220.53 | 811.48 ± 0.71 | 695.16 ± 335.79 | 1629.52 ± 479.6 | 1339.1 ± 246.58 | 918.8 ± 245.51 |
Turbellaria | 1.77 ± 0.36 | 0 ± 0 | 3.53 ± 4.28 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 2.02 ± 2.85 | 6.06 ± 2.85 | 2.27 ± 1.78 | |
Copepoda | 74.18 ± 24.98 | 86.8 ± 27.12 | 33.56 ± 1.78 | 183.19 ± 122.75 | 219.52 ± 13.56 | 275.79 ± 23.19 | 145.51 ± 35.57 | |
Oligochaeta | 2.52 ± 1.43 | 0 ± 0 | 0.76 ± 0.36 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 13.37 ± 3.93 | 2.78 ± 0.95 | |
Polychaeta | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.25 ± 0.36 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | |
Total | 436.27 ± 216.6 | 766.57 ± 247.65 | 849.33 ± 5 | 878.85 ± 459.26 | 1851.07 ± 463.18 | 1634.32 ± 230.16 | 1069.40 ± 270.31 |
Date | Group | Station A | Station B | Station C | Station D | Station E | Station CS | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022.09 | Nematoda | 101.74 ± 124.47 | 143.93 ± 196.12 | 104.77 ± 81.93 | 262.02 ± 263.21 | 186.52 ± 85.64 | 63.18 ± 15.13 | 143.69 ± 127.75 |
Copepoda | 0.94 ± 0 | 21.12 ± 28.54 | 23.94 ± 31.2 | 0 ± 0 | 55.85 ± 4.65 | 56.32 ± 51.77 | 26.36 ± 19.36 | |
Oligochaeta | 7.06 ± 9.98 | 7.06 ± 9.98 | 21.17 ± 19.95 | 0 ± 0 | 10.58 ± 14.97 | 3.53 ± 4.99 | 8.23 ± 9.98 | |
Polychaeta | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 21.2 ± 19.98 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 3.53 ± 3.33 | |
Turbellaria | 3.53 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.59 ± 0 | |
Total | 113.26 ± 134.44 | 172.1 ± 214.68 | 171.06 ± 153.06 | 262.02 ± 263.21 | 252.95 ± 66.03 | 123.03 ± 61.91 | 182.4 ± 148.89 | |
2022.10 | Nematoda | 11.91 ± 8.28 | 14.33 ± 9.99 | 25.43 ± 13.7 | 101.54 ± 45.96 | 78.32 ± 35.4 | 2.42 ± 1.71 | 38.99 ± 19.17 |
Turbellaria | 2.65 ± 3.75 | 3.53 ± 2.5 | 0.88 ± 1.25 | 31.79 ± 44.96 | 30.91 ± 13.74 | 1.77 ± 2.5 | 11.92 ± 11.45 | |
Copepoda | 0 ± 0 | 1.41 ± 0.66 | 0 ± 0 | 0.47 ± 0.66 | 0 ± 0 | 7.51 ± 10.62 | 1.56 ± 1.99 | |
Oligochaeta | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 3.53 ± 4.99 | 0 ± 0 | 0.59 ± 0.83 | |
Total | 14.56 ± 12.03 | 19.27 ± 6.83 | 26.32 ± 14.95 | 133.8 ± 91.59 | 112.76 ± 44.15 | 11.7 ± 11.4 | 53.07 ± 30.16 | |
2022.12 | Nematoda | 94.87 ± 4 | 134.04 ± 34.26 | 47.64 ± 5.14 | 40.37 ± 22.84 | 88.21 ± 95.63 | 54.3 ± 15.7 | 76.57 ± 29.59 |
Turbellaria | 15.9 ± 17.49 | 0 ± 0 | 4.42 ± 6.24 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 1.77 ± 2.5 | 3.68 ± 4.37 | |
Copepoda | 1.88 ± 1.33 | 8.92 ± 4.65 | 32.38 ± 41.81 | 0.47 ± 0.66 | 0.47 ± 0.66 | 0.47 ± 0.66 | 7.43 ± 8.3 | |
Oligochaeta | 98.77 ± 59.86 | 24.69 ± 4.99 | 14.11 ± 0 | 59.97 ± 84.81 | 49.39 ± 69.84 | 24.69 ± 14.97 | 45.27 ± 39.08 | |
Total | 211.42 ± 45.05 | 167.65 ± 34.6 | 98.55 ± 40.71 | 100.81 ± 108.31 | 138.07 ± 164.81 | 81.23 ± 33.83 | 132.59 ± 71.22 | |
2023.03 | Nematoda | 286.24 ± 151.87 | 543.81 ± 176.42 | 649.19 ± 0.57 | 556.13 ± 268.63 | 1303.62 ± 383.68 | 1071.28 ± 197.26 | 735.04 ± 196.41 |
Turbellaria | 6.18 ± 1.25 | 0 ± 0 | 12.36 ± 14.99 | 0.88 ± 1.25 | 7.07 ± 9.99 | 21.2 ± 9.99 | 7.95 ± 6.24 | |
Copepoda | 137.98 ± 46.46 | 161.45 ± 50.44 | 62.42 ± 3.32 | 340.73 ± 228.32 | 408.31 ± 25.22 | 512.97 ± 43.14 | 270.65 ± 66.15 | |
Oligochaeta | 35.28 ± 19.95 | 0 ± 0 | 10.58 ± 4.99 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 186.96 ± 54.88 | 38.8 ± 13.3 | |
Polychaeta | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 3.53 ± 5 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.59 ± 0.83 | |
Total | 465.68 ± 219.54 | 705.26 ± 226.87 | 734.55 ± 12.75 | 901.27 ± 503.2 | 1719 ± 348.46 | 1792.41 ± 218.99 | 1053.03 ± 254.97 |
Dominant Genera | Percentage of Dominances (%) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Station A | Station B | Station C | Station D | Station E | Station CS | |||||||
Sep. | Dec. | Sep. | Dec. | Sep. | Dec. | Sep. | Dec. | Sep. | Dec. | Sep. | Dec. | |
Ptycholaimellus | 2.00 | 7.76 | 6.43 | 22.31 | 53.30 | 22.37 | 34.22 | 1.30 | 11.83 | 1.13 | 53.37 | 4.55 |
Parodontophora | 11.00 | 18.10 | 26.32 | 4.55 | 20.81 | 2.63 | 31.55 | 14.29 | 11.83 | 8.65 | 16.56 | 22.73 |
Terschellingia | 49.00 | - | 9.94 | - | 2.54 | 1.32 | 5.35 | 35.06 | 6.45 | 9.02 | 2.45 | 36.36 |
Halichoanolaimus | - | 2.59 | 25.15 | - | 5.08 | - | 2.14 | 6.49 | 3.23 | 1.13 | 1.84 | - |
Metachromadora | 4.50 | 4.74 | 3.51 | - | 3.05 | - | - | 7.79 | 18.28 | 6.39 | 1.84 | - |
Parasphaerolaimus | 1.00 | - | 5.26 | - | 0.51 | 1.32 | - | - | 20.97 | 2.26 | 3.07 | - |
Daptonema | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 56.39 | - | 10.00 |
Admirandus | - | 3.02 | - | 39.26 | 0.51 | 28.95 | - | - | 4.30 | - | 1.23 | - |
Anoplostoma | - | 14.66 | 2.34 | 18.60 | 7.11 | 3.95 | 2.67 | 3.90 | 0.54 | - | 11.04 | - |
Station | Species Number (S) | Margalef’s Species Richness Index (D) | Pielou’s Evenness Index (J’) | Shannon–Wiener Index (H’) | Dominance Index (1 − λ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep-A | 12 | 2.08 | 0.68 | 1.69 | 0.72 |
Sep-B | 16 | 2.92 | 0.78 | 2.17 | 0.84 |
Sep-C | 12 | 2.08 | 0.61 | 1.51 | 0.66 |
Sep-D | 11 | 1.91 | 0.7 | 1.67 | 0.76 |
Sep-E | 14 | 2.49 | 0.84 | 2.21 | 0.87 |
Sep-CS | 13 | 2.36 | 0.63 | 1.61 | 0.68 |
Dec-A | 18 | 3.12 | 0.86 | 2.49 | 0.9 |
Dec-B | 12 | 2 | 0.69 | 1.72 | 0.76 |
Dec-C | 14 | 3 | 0.76 | 2 | 0.83 |
Dec-D | 11 | 2.3 | 0.85 | 2.05 | 0.83 |
Dec-E | 14 | 2.32 | 0.63 | 1.66 | 0.66 |
Dec-CS | 11 | 2.12 | 0.76 | 1.82 | 0.79 |
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Hu, M.-C.; Guo, Y.-Q.; Shih, Y.-J.; Liu, K.; Li, C.-X.; Ji, F.-F.; Chu, T.-J. Comparison of the Meiofauna and Marine Nematode Communities before and after Removal of Spartina alterniflora in the Mangrove Wetland of Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province. Water 2023, 15, 3829. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213829
Hu M-C, Guo Y-Q, Shih Y-J, Liu K, Li C-X, Ji F-F, Chu T-J. Comparison of the Meiofauna and Marine Nematode Communities before and after Removal of Spartina alterniflora in the Mangrove Wetland of Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province. Water. 2023; 15(21):3829. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213829
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Ming-Cheng, Yu-Qing Guo, Yi-Jia Shih, Kai Liu, Chun-Xue Li, Fen-Fen Ji, and Ta-Jen Chu. 2023. "Comparison of the Meiofauna and Marine Nematode Communities before and after Removal of Spartina alterniflora in the Mangrove Wetland of Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province" Water 15, no. 21: 3829. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213829