The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Biodiversity in the Qiongzhou Strait
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences in Water Quality between the Two Seasons
3.2. The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Water Quality
3.3. The Phytoplankton Community between the Two Seasons
3.4. The Community Composition and Dominant Species in the Two Seasons
3.5. The Distribution of Diversity and Abundance
3.6. The Relationship between Environmental Factors and Biodiversity of Phytoplankton
4. Discussion
4.1. Hydrodynamic Factors and Artificial Activities Impacting Water Quality
4.2. Vital Environmental Factors Induced Differences in the Phytoplankton Community
4.3. Relationship between Intensively Varied Environmental Factors and Important Dominant Species
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Season (Mean ± Std) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Autumn (n = 20) | Spring (n = 20) | ||
Temperature (°C) | 25.75 ± 0.42 | 23.23 ± 1.19 | 0.000 ** |
salinity | 30.31 ± 0.67 | 31.17 ± 0.21 | 0.000 ** |
pH | 8.09 ± 0.02 | 8.24 ± 0.02 | 0.000 ** |
COD (mg/L) | 0.56 ± 0.21 | 0.38 ± 0.09 | 0.001 ** |
DO (mg/L) | 7.75 ± 0.18 | 6.98 ± 0.21 | 0.000 ** |
NO2-N (μmol/L) | 0.24 ± 0.11 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.367 |
NH4-N (μmol/L) | 0.51 ± 0.30 | 4.66 ± 0.97 | 0.000 ** |
NO3-N (μmol/L) | 1.00 ± 0.38 | 1.30 ± 0.59 | 0.059 |
DIN (μmol/L) | 1.75 ± 0.56 | 6.22 ± 0.86 | 0.000 ** |
PO4-P (μmol/L) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.075 |
SS (mg/L) | 26.40 ± 33.17 | 6.91 ± 5.83 | 0.014 * |
Items | Season (Mean ± Std) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Autumn (n = 12) | Spring (n = 12) | ||
Phylum | 3.00 ± 0.43 | 3.83 ± 0.39 | 0.000 ** |
Family | 10.08 ± 1.44 | 13.42 ± 1.44 | 0.000 ** |
Genus | 15.83 ± 2.69 | 19.08 ± 1.83 | 0.002 ** |
Species numbers | 22.92 ± 3.06 | 27.75 ± 2.34 | 0.000 ** |
Abundance (×104 cells/m3) | 79.90 ± 19.38 | 168.57 ± 23.08 | 0.000 ** |
Diversity | 3.28 ± 0.24 | 3.49 ± 0.17 | 0.021 * |
Evenness | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.03 | 0.831 |
Dominant Species | Autumn | RA (%) | Spring | RA (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Skeletonema costatum | 0.09 * | 0.19 ± 0.22 | 0.11 * | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
Chaetoceros curvisetus | 0.06 * | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.08 * | 0.12 ± 0.13 |
Chaetoceros lorenzianus | 0.04 * | 0.07 ± 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.06 |
Chaetoceros affinis (p < 0.05) | 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.07 * | 0.12 ± 0.13 |
Nitzschia delicatissima | 0.03 * | 0.05 ± 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
Nitzschia pungens | 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.03 * | 0.05 ± 0.08 |
Bacteriastrum hyalinum | 0.03 * | 0.05 ± 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
Cerataulina compacta | 0.02 * | 0.04 ± 0.09 | / | / |
Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii | 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.03 * | 0.05 ± 0.08 |
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Xu, C.; Ma, Y.; Zhang, H.; Li, X.; Chen, Q. The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Biodiversity in the Qiongzhou Strait. Water 2023, 15, 3792. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213792
Xu C, Ma Y, Zhang H, Li X, Chen Q. The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Biodiversity in the Qiongzhou Strait. Water. 2023; 15(21):3792. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213792
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Chunling, Yu Ma, Hao Zhang, Xiaoming Li, and Qi Chen. 2023. "The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Biodiversity in the Qiongzhou Strait" Water 15, no. 21: 3792. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15213792