Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution of Inland Fishing Ground in the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Sites
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Microplastic Extraction
2.4. Identification of Microplastic Morphological Characteristics
2.5. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
2.6. Microplastic Ecological Risk Assessment
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microplastic Abundance and Spatial–Temporal Distribution in Surface Water and Sediment
3.2. Microplastic Characteristics
3.3. Microplastic Pollution Risk Assessment
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Location | Environmental Media | Abundance Range | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Dafangying Reservoir, China | Water | 8800–32,050 particles/m3 | [7] |
Three Gorges Reservoir, China | Water | 974–21,132 particles/m3 | [8] |
Wuliangsuhai Lake, Mongolia | Water | 3120–11,250 particles/m3 | [20] |
Three Gorges Reservoir, China | Water | 1597–12,611 particles/m3 | [26] |
Sediment | 25–300 particles/kg | ||
Danjiangkou Reservoir, China | Water | 467–15,017 particles/m3 | [27] |
Sediment | 15–40 particles/kg | ||
Danjiangkou Reservoir, China | Water | 530–24,798 particles/m3 | [28] |
Sediment | 708–3237 particles/kg | ||
Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand | Water | 25–3363 particles/m3 | This study |
Sediment | 6–81 particles/kg |
Polymer Hazard Index | Risk Level Criteria | PLI | Risk Level Criteria | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sediment-Wet | 322 | III | 3 | I |
Sediment-Dry | 1510 | IV | 3 | I |
Water-Wet | 160 | III | 16 | II |
Water-Dry | 64 | II | 28 | III |
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Kasamesiri, P.; Panchan, R.; Thaimuangphol, W. Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution of Inland Fishing Ground in the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand. Water 2023, 15, 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020330
Kasamesiri P, Panchan R, Thaimuangphol W. Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution of Inland Fishing Ground in the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand. Water. 2023; 15(2):330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020330
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasamesiri, Pattira, Ruamruedee Panchan, and Wipavee Thaimuangphol. 2023. "Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution of Inland Fishing Ground in the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand" Water 15, no. 2: 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020330
APA StyleKasamesiri, P., Panchan, R., & Thaimuangphol, W. (2023). Spatial–Temporal Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Microplastic Pollution of Inland Fishing Ground in the Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand. Water, 15(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020330