Effect of Straw Mulching and Deep Burial Mode on Water and Salt Transport Regularity in Saline Soils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Soil Column Test
2.1.1. Test Materials
2.1.2. Test Setup
2.1.3. Treatments
2.1.4. Sample Collection and Determination
Determination of Soil Moisture Content (Drying Method)
Determination of Soil Salinity (Residue Drying-Mass Method)
2.2. The Microzone Test
2.2.1. Study Area and Site Characterization
2.2.2. Treatments
2.2.3. Sample Collection and Determination
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Different Treatments on Soil Water and Salt Transport in Soil Columns
3.1.1. Soil Water Evaporation Analysis
3.1.2. Changes in Salt Dynamics
3.1.3. Correlation Analysis
3.2. Effects of Different Treatments on Water-Salt Distribution in Agricultural Soils
3.2.1. Moisture Distribution Characteristics
3.2.2. Salt Distribution Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect on Soil Water Evaporation
4.2. Effect Soil Salinity Dynamics
4.3. Soil Water and Salt Transport Patterns
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Straw mulching has been demonstrated to be efficient in mitigating soil water evaporation, with varying degrees of effectiveness observed in different treatment methods. The hierarchy of evaporation suppression, in descending order of efficacy, is as follows: S2D1 > S1D2 > S1D1 > SC > DB. Straw mulching and deep burial model exhibits superior performance in reducing soil water evaporation compared to single-layer straw mulching. Specifically, S2D1 treatment (a 2:1 ratio of soil surface cover to the amount of straw buried 40 cm below the soil surface) had the most obvious effect and the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture was 65.85% lower than that of CK (the control treatment), which had the best effect of inhibiting evaporation.
- (2)
- In the drenching and infiltration stage, S1D1 treatment (a 1:1 ratio of soil surface cover to the amount of straw buried 40 cm below the soil surface) had the best drenching effect and the highest desalination rate. In the evaporation phase, S2D1 treatment had much lower salt levels than CK, indicating that the S2D1 treatment had the best inhibition effect on soil salinity reversal.
- (3)
- There was a significant positive correlation between the cumulative evaporation of soil water and cumulative soil salinity, which meant that the cumulative soil salinity increased with the cumulative evaporation of soil water.
- (1)
- Different treatments could reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, but the moisture retention effect and duration were different. Among them, the S2D1 treatment maintained high soil water content in all soil layers during all periods of the experiment, which could obviously inhibit the evaporation and dissipation of soil moisture.
- (2)
- Different treatments can inhibit soil salinity return to a certain extent in all soil layers. All treatments could keep the soil salinity in the 0–40 cm soil layer at a lower level, among which the S2D1 treatment had the best effect on salt suppression in the surface soil. In the 40–80 cm soil layer, the best soil salinity suppression was DB treatment (straw buried at 40 cm below soil surface).
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Type | TN (g/kg) | AP (mg/kg) | AK (mg/kg) | SOM (g/kg) | pH | EC (μs/cm) | SAR (mmolc L−1)0.5 | Total Salt (g/kg) | Bulk Densit (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
salted tidal soil | 0.93 | 34.14 | 110.87 | 9.67 | 8.14 | 1735.5 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 1.39 |
Soil Depth | TN (g/kg) | AP (mg/kg) | AK (mg/kg) | SOM (g/kg) | pH | EC (μs/cm) | SAR (mmolc L−1)0.5 | Total Salt (g/kg) | Bulk Densit (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–20 cm | 0.67 | 37.4 | 118.3 | 10.41 | 8.39 | 1764.3 | 13.5 | 6.13 | 1.31 |
20–40 cm | 0.53 | 30.2 | 83.47 | 7.18 | 8.36 | 1699.5 | 12.8 | 6.57 | 1.41 |
40–60 cm | 0.41 | 21.2 | 51.15 | 6.17 | 8.37 | 1652.3 | 12.1 | 6.11 | 1.46 |
60–80 cm | 0.49 | 22.8 | 52.55 | 6.77 | 8.39 | 1667.7 | 12.3 | 6.29 | 1.43 |
Cumulative Evaporation (mm) | Cumulative Salt Content (g/kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Cumulative evaporation | Pearson correlation | 1 | 0.848 * |
Significance (bilateral) | 0.033 | ||
The sum of square and fork product | 481.1 | 120.8 | |
Covariance | 96.22 | 24.16 | |
N | 6 | 6 | |
Cumulative salt content | Pearson correlation | 0.848 * | 1 |
Significance (bilateral) | 0.033 | ||
The sum of square and fork product | 120.8 | 42.18 | |
Covariance | 24.16 | 8.436 | |
N | 6 | 6 |
Soil Depth | Salt Inhibition Rate (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | DB | S1D1 | S2D1 | S1D2 | |
0–20 cm | 35.46 | 44.76 | 50.98 | 54.80 | 37.30 |
20–40 cm | 17.14 | 43.79 | 41.03 | 49.47 | 33.11 |
40–60 cm | 5.064 | 34.52 | 27.04 | 31.23 | 19.85 |
60–80 cm | 3.047 | 38.53 | 27.51 | 34.73 | 22.97 |
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Li, M.; Wang, W.; Wang, X.; Yao, C.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, W.; Chen, E.; Chen, W. Effect of Straw Mulching and Deep Burial Mode on Water and Salt Transport Regularity in Saline Soils. Water 2023, 15, 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183227
Li M, Wang W, Wang X, Yao C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou W, Chen E, Chen W. Effect of Straw Mulching and Deep Burial Mode on Water and Salt Transport Regularity in Saline Soils. Water. 2023; 15(18):3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183227
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Mengzhu, Wei Wang, Xiaofang Wang, Chunmei Yao, Yuanbo Wang, Zanxia Wang, Weizhi Zhou, Endian Chen, and Weifeng Chen. 2023. "Effect of Straw Mulching and Deep Burial Mode on Water and Salt Transport Regularity in Saline Soils" Water 15, no. 18: 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183227
APA StyleLi, M., Wang, W., Wang, X., Yao, C., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhou, W., Chen, E., & Chen, W. (2023). Effect of Straw Mulching and Deep Burial Mode on Water and Salt Transport Regularity in Saline Soils. Water, 15(18), 3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183227