Interpreting Seasonal Patterns and Long-Term Changes of Zooplankton in a Deep Subalpine Lake Using Stable Isotope Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- to examine the seasonal and inter-annual variability of the isotopic signals of δ13C and δ15N in the different zooplankton groups and taxa.
- (2)
- to investigate the long-term trends of zooplankton isotopic signals of δ13C and δ15N and their relationships with environmental variables.
2. Study Site
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Zooplankton Sampling and Isotope Analyses
3.2. Statistical Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Variations in δ13C‰ and δ15N‰ in Zooplankton Taxa
4.2. δ13C‰ and Environmental Variables
4.2.1. Temperature and δ13C‰ Fractionation
4.2.2. Chlorophyll a and Nitrates
5. Discussion
5.1. δ13C and Temperature
5.2. Carbon Isotopic Signature in Different Taxa/Groups as Niche Indicators
5.3. Zooplankton (Daphnia) δ13C and Chlorophyll a: Indication of Food Quality and Availability
5.4. δ13C and δ15N Time Series and Environmental Variables
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Caroni, R.; Piscia, R.; Free, G.; Manca, M. Interpreting Seasonal Patterns and Long-Term Changes of Zooplankton in a Deep Subalpine Lake Using Stable Isotope Analysis. Water 2023, 15, 3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173143
Caroni R, Piscia R, Free G, Manca M. Interpreting Seasonal Patterns and Long-Term Changes of Zooplankton in a Deep Subalpine Lake Using Stable Isotope Analysis. Water. 2023; 15(17):3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173143
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroni, Rossana, Roberta Piscia, Gary Free, and Marina Manca. 2023. "Interpreting Seasonal Patterns and Long-Term Changes of Zooplankton in a Deep Subalpine Lake Using Stable Isotope Analysis" Water 15, no. 17: 3143. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173143