The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Different Pollutants in Water
2.1. Dyes
2.2. Drugs, Pesticides and Insecticides
2.3. Other Organic Pollutants
3. Wastewater Treatment Approaches
4. Sorption Technique
5. Different Kinds of Sorbents
5.1. Biosorbents
5.2. Nanocomposites
6. Sorption Mechanism
7. Effective Variables on Sorption
8. Reusability
9. Sorption Kinetics
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbent | Contaminants | Conditions | RE (%) | qmax (m/g) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polyaniline/sodium alginate/Oscillatoria biomass | Basic Blue 41 | pH = 9, AD = 0.1 g/L, t = 2 h, T = 30 °C | - | 786.6 | [43] |
Polyaniline/sodium alginate/Oscillatoria biomass | Basic Blue 41 | pH = 9, AD = 0.1 g/L, t = 2 h, T = 30 °C | - | 700.1 | [43] |
Polyaniline/sodium alginate/Oscillatoria biomass | Basic Blue 41 | pH = 9, AD = 0.1 g/L, t = 2 h, T = 30 °C | - | 634.4 | [43] |
Chitosan–alkali lignin composite | Remazol Brilliant Blue R | pH = 2, PC = 10 ppm, AD = 2 g/L, t = 1 h | - | 111.1 | [44] |
Non-immobilized magnetic biocomposite | MB | pH = 7, PC = 10 ppm, AD = 5 g/L, t = 140 min | 99.12 | 232.6 | [45] |
Cow bones/zeolite/coconut biocomposite | Palm oil | pH = 5.28 | 99.47 | - | [46] |
Chitosan/sepiolite biocomposite | Remazol Blue | pH = 5, PC = 3 ppm, AD = 0.8 g/L, t = 24 h, T = 45 °C | 99 | 256 | [47] |
Alginate/magnetic/graphene oxide biocomposite | Aniline | - | 98.82 | 18.39 | [48] |
Alginate/magnetic/graphene oxide biocomposite | p-chloroaniline | - | 96.65 | 17.13 | [48] |
Alginate/magnetic/graphene oxide biocomposite | p-nitroaniline | - | 93.55 | 15.24 | [48] |
Chitosan/diatomite biocomposite | Reactive Blue | pH = 4, AD = 0.75 g/L, T = 30 °C, t = 50 min | 96.36 | - | [49] |
Chitosan/zeolite biocomposite | Acid Black 194 | pH = 3, AD = 5 g/L, T = 22 °C | - | 2140 | [50] |
Chitosan | MB | pH = 6, PC = 105 ppm, AD = 1.6 g/L, t = 6 h, T = 25 °C | 85.85 | 11.04 | [51] |
10% chitosan/90% activated carbon | MB | pH = 6, PC = 105 ppm, AD = 1.6 g/L, t = 6 h, T = 25 °C | 91.7 | 11.92 | [51] |
20% chitosan/80% activated carbon | MB | pH = 6, PC = 105 ppm, AD = 1.6 g/L, t = 6 h, T = 25 °C | 95.81 | 11.99 | [51] |
Olive waste/KOH | MB | pH = 11, t = 0.5 h, T = 40 °C | 504.9 | [52] | |
Olive waste/KOH/PEG silica gel | MB | pH = 12, t = 0.5 h, T = 50 °C | 161.44 | [52] | |
Modified sepiolite | Everzol Yellow | pH = 2, PC = 25 ppm, AD = 50 g/L, t = 2 h | - | 169.1 | [53] |
Modified zeolite | Everzol red | pH = 2, PC = 25 ppm, AD = 50 g/L, t = 2 h | - | 111.1 | [53] |
Metal hydroxide sludge | Direct Blue 85 | pH = 7, T = 25 °C | - | 339 | [54] |
Aminated polyacrylonitrile | MB | pH = 8, t = 20 min | 99.7 | 227.2 | [55] |
Magnetic/biochar nanocomposite | MB | - | - | 62.1 | [56] |
Chitosan/laterite/Fe3O4 | MB | - | - | 16 | [57] |
Sucrose and melamine-derived AC | MB | t = 13 min | - | 454.57 | [58] |
Nanocomposite | Contaminant | Conditions | RE (%) | qmax (mg/g) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zinc (II) oxide nanorods loaded on AC | Crystal violet | PC = 14 ppm, AD = 0.025 g/L, t = 0.085 h | 98.66 | 81.6 | [63] |
Zinc (II) oxide nanorods loaded on AC | MB | PC = 14 ppm, AD = 0.025 g/L, t = 0.085 h | 99.46 | 83.9 | [63] |
Barium/Cobalt@PEG | MB | pH = 2, PC = 20 ppm, t = 1 h | 78.6 | 215.08 | [64] |
Zeolite/Fe3O4 | MB | pH = 7, PC = 2 ppm, AD = 2.8 g/L, t = 3 h | 97.5 | 2.57 | [65] |
Kaolin/CuFe2O4 | MB | pH = 8, PC = 10 ppm, AD = 1.5 g/L, t = 0.5 h, T = 25 °C | 98.64 | 120.48 | [66] |
Kaolin/CuFe2O4 | MV | pH = 8, PC = 10 ppm, AD = 1.5 g/L, t = 0.5 h, T = 25 °C | 99.25 | 117.65 | [66] |
Clay/starch/ Fe3O4 | MV | pH = 9, PC = 10 ppm, AD = 1.5 g/L, t = 2.5 h | 99.73 | 29.67 | [67] |
Nano zerovalent iron | Acidic dye | pH = 5.5, PC = 30 ppm, AD = 0.5 g/L, t = 0.025 h | 94.29 | 125.8 | [68] |
Graphene oxide/Fe3O4 | Erythrosine | pH = 7, PC = 50 ppm, AD = 4 g/L, t = 2 min, T = 60 °C | 97 | 149.25 | [69] |
Date seed AC/CaO/Fe3O4 | Formaldehyde | pH = 7, PC = 5 ppm, AD = 2.5 g/L, t = 80 min, T = 25 °C | 98.22 | 24.01 | [70] |
AC/Fe3O4 | Formaldehyde | pH = 7, PC = 5 ppm, AD = 3 g/L, t = 100 min, T = 25 °C | 95.67 | 24.21 | [70] |
CaO/Fe3O4 | Formaldehyde | pH = 7, PC = 5 ppm, AD = 3 g/L, t = 100 min, T = 25 °C | 95.14 | 21.28 | [70] |
Alginate@Fe3O4@bentonite | Formaldehyde | pH = 9.96, PC = 10.69 ppm, AD = 1.28 g/L, t = 16.53 min, T = 25 °C | 94.56 | 50.25 | [71] |
Fe3O4@UiO-66 | MO | pH = 4, PC = 20 ppm, AD = 0.2 g/L, t = 3 h, T = 25 °C | - | 243.9 | [72] |
Fe3O4@UiO-66 | MB | pH = 8, PC = 20 ppm, AD = 0.2 g/L, t = 3 h, T = 25 °C | - | 769.23 | [72] |
SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 MOF | Malachite green | pH = 3, PC = 100 ppm, AD = 0.2 g/L, t = 1 h, T = 25 °C | - | 1000.03 | [73] |
SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 MOF | Methyl red | pH = 3, PC = 100 ppm, AD = 0.2 g/L, t = 0.5 h, T = 25 °C | - | 1111.12 | [73] |
Magnetite/MWCNTs | Toluene | pH = 5, PC = 50 ppm, AD = 0.02 g/L, t = 1 h, T = 35 °C | 85 | 1113 | [74] |
GO/CuFe2O4/CdS | Imidacloprid and Dinoseb | pH = 7, AD = 0.15 g/L, t = 140 min | 91–94 | - | [75] |
ZnO@CoFe2O4 | Imidacloprid | pH = 10, AD = 0.1 g/L, t = 45 min | 79.3 | - | [76] |
Adsorbent | Contaminant | RE (%) | RE (%) after n Reuse Cycles | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Fe3O4 | Oil/water emulsion | About 97 | n = 7; RE = about 90% | [90] |
Corn stalk biomass/chitosan/Fe3O4 biocomposite | Chloramphenicol | 95.49 | n = 5; RE = 88.52% | [91] |
CuCoFe2O4@Chitosan nanocompoiste | Tetracycline | 93.07 | n = 4; RE = 82.16% | [92] |
Magnetic nano-silica | Oily wastewater | 85 | n = 5; RE = 80% | [93] |
Poly methyl vinyl ketone/aniline/GO | Direct Red 81 | 89 | n = 7; RE = 70% | [94] |
SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 | Malachite green | 99 | n = 5; RE = 93.5% | [73] |
SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 | Methyl red | 93 | n = 5; RE = 86.5% | [73] |
Magnetic modified raw aquatic weed biocomposite | MB | 99.12 | n = 6; RE = 65.6% | [45] |
Sodium alginate/magnetic modified raw aquatic weed biocomposite | MB | 89 | n = 6; RE = 38% | [45] |
Adsorbent | Pollutant | PFO Constants | PSO Constants | Elovich Constants | ID Constants | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 | Malachite green | k1 = 0.062 R2 = 0.991 | k2 = 0.001 R2 = 0.999 | - | - | [73] |
SiO2/MnFe2O4/ZIF-8 | Methyl red | k1 = 0.160 R2 = 0.941 | k2 = 0.001 R2 = 0.999 | - | - | [73] |
Zeolite/cerium oxide | MB | k1 = 0.00076 R2 = 0.44513 | k2 = 1.14655 R2 = 0.99276 | - | ki1 = 0.10233 ki2 = 0.05229 ki3 = 0.02049 | [97] |
Graphene quantum dots/zeolitic imidazolate framework | Toluene | k1 = 0.038 R2 = 0.98 | k2 = 0.000093 R2 = 0.95 | - | - | [98] |
Ni-Co-S/SDS | Nile blue | k1 = 0.0499 R2 = 0.9614 | k2 = 0.0011 R2 = 0.9998 | - | - | [99] |
CaCO3@starch/polyacrylamide /TEMPO-oxidized | Congo red | - | - | - | ki1 = 13.84 ki2 = 3.54 | [100] |
CaCO3@starch/polyacrylamide /TEMPO-oxidized | MB | - | - | - | ki1 = 5.21 ki2 = 1.19 | [100] |
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Mayet, A.M.; Hijji, M.; Saleh, E.A.M.; Reza, A.; Kadhim, S.I.; Abdullaev, S.S.; Alsalamy, A.; Hassan, Z.F.; Gomez, C.V.; Tene, T. The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents. Water 2023, 15, 3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173093
Mayet AM, Hijji M, Saleh EAM, Reza A, Kadhim SI, Abdullaev SS, Alsalamy A, Hassan ZF, Gomez CV, Tene T. The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents. Water. 2023; 15(17):3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173093
Chicago/Turabian StyleMayet, Abdulilah Mohammad, Mohammad Hijji, Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh, Arif Reza, Sokaina Issa Kadhim, Sherzod Shukhratovich Abdullaev, Ali Alsalamy, Zahraa F. Hassan, Cristian Vacacela Gomez, and Talia Tene. 2023. "The Role of Biocomposites and Nanocomposites in Eliminating Organic Contaminants from Effluents" Water 15, no. 17: 3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173093