Coastal Soil Salinity Amelioration and Crop Yield Improvement by Biomaterial Addition in East China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site and Soil
2.2. Characterization of Biochar, Fulvic Acid and Bacillus Subtilis
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Sampling, Measurements and Analyses
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Soil Properties
3.1.1. Soil Bulk Density
3.1.2. Soil Water Content, Saturated Water Content, Capillary Water Holding Capacity, Soil Porosity
3.1.3. EC, pH
3.2. SOC
3.3. Plant Height and Grain Yield
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Medium | Treatments | ||
---|---|---|---|
Biochar (t ha−1) | Fulvic Acid (1.5 t ha−1) | BS Suspension Soak Seed | |
CK | 0 | N | N |
T1 | 0 | N | Y |
T2 | 0 | Y | N |
T3 | 0 | Y | Y |
T4 | 7.5 | N | N |
T5 | 7.5 | N | Y |
T6 | 7.5 | Y | N |
T7 | 7.5 | Y | Y |
T8 | 15 | N | N |
T9 | 15 | N | Y |
T10 | 15 | Y | N |
T11 | 15 | Y | Y |
T12 | 30 | N | N |
T13 | 30 | N | Y |
T14 | 30 | Y | N |
T15 | 30 | Y | Y |
Treatment | WC (%) | SWC (%) | CHC (%) | STP (%) | CP (%) | NP (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 15.69 | 18.41 | 17.65 | 42.36 | 26.96 | 15.40 |
T1 | 21.62 | 25.49 | 24.06 | 45.41 | 34.81 | 10.60 |
T2 | 18.99 | 24.23 | 22.66 | 43.25 | 34.07 | 9.18 |
T3 | 20.57 | 24.90 | 23.25 | 45.26 | 33.72 | 11.54 |
T4 | 16.69 | 22.04 | 20.88 | 46.52 | 29.59 | 16.93 |
T5 | 24.01 | 30.46 | 28.52 | 49.20 | 38.39 | 10.81 |
T6 | 20.11 | 21.82 | 20.95 | 42.91 | 31.70 | 11.21 |
T7 | 23.50 | 26.68 | 24.58 | 45.38 | 35.57 | 9.81 |
T8 | 25.19 | 29.45 | 28.04 | 46.98 | 39.39 | 7.59 |
T9 | 23.60 | 26.58 | 24.80 | 46.94 | 34.87 | 12.07 |
T10 | 25.85 | 30.40 | 23.05 | 49.00 | 31.15 | 17.85 |
T11 | 23.20 | 26.28 | 25.24 | 44.74 | 36.96 | 7.78 |
T12 | 26.47 | 38.31 | 35.03 | 54.32 | 42.40 | 11.92 |
T13 | 22.16 | 30.11 | 26.79 | 50.39 | 35.22 | 15.17 |
T14 | 22.69 | 26.07 | 24.57 | 45.53 | 35.47 | 10.06 |
T15 | 25.32 | 33.36 | 28.96 | 51.85 | 36.95 | 14.90 |
Initial Value | 28.12 | 33.29 | 32.36 | 48.31 | 44.30 | 4.00 |
Treatment | SOC1st (g kg−1) | SOC2nd (g kg−1) | SOC2nd–SOC1st (g kg−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Standard Deviation | Mean | Standard Deviation | ||
CK | 5.20 a | 0.43 | 4.67 abc | 0.07 | −0.53 |
T1 | 3.63 cde | 0.74 | 4.33 ab | 0.67 | 0.70 |
T2 | 3.42 cde | 1.22 | 4.72 abc | 0.28 | 1.30 |
T3 | 3.43 cde | 1.38 | 4.09 bc | 0.64 | 0.66 |
T4 | 4.09 abcd | 0.27 | 4.66 abc | 0.30 | 0.57 |
T5 | 3.71 cde | 0.76 | 4.98 abc | 0.85 | 1.27 |
T6 | 5.09 ab | 0.14 | 4.38 abc | 1.12 | −0.71 |
T7 | 3.48 cde | 0.52 | 3.30 c | 0.89 | −0.18 |
T8 | 4.13 abcd | 0.61 | 5.86 ab | 1.28 | 1.73 |
T9 | 3.26 cde | 0.27 | 4.86 abc | 0.89 | 1.60 |
T10 | 3.32 cde | 1.09 | 4.41 abc | 1.26 | 1.09 |
T11 | 2.86 de | 0.76 | 5.21 ab | 1.12 | 2.35 |
T12 | 3.60 cde | 0.22 | 6.20 a | 0.87 | 2.60 |
T13 | 4.24 abc | 0.73 | 5.96 ab | 1.79 | 1.72 |
T14 | 2.66 e | 1.20 | 5.55 ab | 2.46 | 2.89 |
T15 | 3.86 bcde | 0.58 | 5.46 ab | 1.40 | 1.61 |
F probability | * | ns | |||
LSD (0.05) | 1.29 | - |
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Sun, Y.; Chen, X.; Yang, J.; Luo, Y.; Yao, R.; Wang, X.; Xie, W.; Zhang, X. Coastal Soil Salinity Amelioration and Crop Yield Improvement by Biomaterial Addition in East China. Water 2022, 14, 3266. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203266
Sun Y, Chen X, Yang J, Luo Y, Yao R, Wang X, Xie W, Zhang X. Coastal Soil Salinity Amelioration and Crop Yield Improvement by Biomaterial Addition in East China. Water. 2022; 14(20):3266. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203266
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yunpeng, Xiaobing Chen, Jingsong Yang, Yongming Luo, Rongjiang Yao, Xiangping Wang, Wenping Xie, and Xin Zhang. 2022. "Coastal Soil Salinity Amelioration and Crop Yield Improvement by Biomaterial Addition in East China" Water 14, no. 20: 3266. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14203266