Membrane Fouling Mechanism of HTR-PVDF and HMR-PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes in MBR System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Membrane Characteristic
2.3. Feed Water Characteristic
2.4. Filtration Models
2.5. Membrane Adsorption
2.6. Fouling Mechanism
2.7. Morphology Observation
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Filtration Models
3.2. Membrane Adsorption
3.3. Fouling Mechanism
3.3.1. The Membrane Resistance Distribution after Short-Time Operation
3.3.2. The Membrane Resistance Distribution after Long-Time Operation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components | Concentration (mg/L) | Components | Concentration (mg/L) | Components | Concentration (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose | 300.00 | Carbamide | 30.00 | Ferric Chloride | 0.25 |
Sodium Bicarbonate | 30.00 | Magnesium Sulfate | 12.00 | Calcium Chloride | 6.00 |
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate | 12.75 | Manganese Sulfate | 6.00 | Sodium Chloride | 150.00 |
Items | HTR-PVDF | HMR-PVDF |
---|---|---|
Average Pore Size (μm) | 0.58 ± 0.01 | 0.53 ± 0.02 |
Porosity (%) | 45.67 ± 0.2 | 50.19 ± 0.35 |
Contact Angle (°) | 74.50 ± 0.5 | 72.00 ± 0.6 |
Protein Rejection Rate (%) | 96.03 ± 1.1 | 97.88 ± 0.9 |
Pure Water Flux (L·m−2·h−1) | 269.34 ± 2.2 | 293.82 ± 2.5 |
Items | HTR-PVDF | HMR-PVDF |
---|---|---|
J0 (L·m−2·h−1) | 218.38 | 251.59 |
J1 (L·m−2·h−1) | 213.65 | 221.66 |
J2 (L·m−2·h−1) | 177.00 | 181.50 |
J3 (L·m−2·h−1) | 155.25 | 171.56 |
Items | HTR-PVDF a | HTR-PVDF b | HMR-PVDF a | HMR-PVDF b |
---|---|---|---|---|
J0 (L·m−2·h−1) | 218.38 | 218.38 | 246.67 | 251.59 |
J1 (L·m−2·h−1) | 16.68 | 19.43 | 12.85 | 10.83 |
J2 (L·m−2·h−1) | 40.72 | 42.08 | 20.50 | 17.21 |
J3 (L·m−2·h−1) | 90.99 | 91.04 | 31.34 | 23.89 |
J4 (L·m−2·h−1) | 210.42 | 195.63 | 243.20 | 168.79 |
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Chen, K.; Zhao, W.; Xiao, C.; Zhu, H.; Wang, Q. Membrane Fouling Mechanism of HTR-PVDF and HMR-PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes in MBR System. Water 2022, 14, 2576. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162576
Chen K, Zhao W, Xiao C, Zhu H, Wang Q. Membrane Fouling Mechanism of HTR-PVDF and HMR-PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes in MBR System. Water. 2022; 14(16):2576. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162576
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Kaikai, Wei Zhao, Changfa Xiao, Hui Zhu, and Qiming Wang. 2022. "Membrane Fouling Mechanism of HTR-PVDF and HMR-PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes in MBR System" Water 14, no. 16: 2576. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162576
APA StyleChen, K., Zhao, W., Xiao, C., Zhu, H., & Wang, Q. (2022). Membrane Fouling Mechanism of HTR-PVDF and HMR-PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes in MBR System. Water, 14(16), 2576. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162576