Freeze-Thaw Effect on Riverbank Stability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Slope Stability Analysis and Modeling
2.1. Bank Stability Mechanics
Forces on the Potential Sliding Mass
2.2. Modeling Bank Slope Instability
3. Model Application and Analysis
3.1. Study Site
3.2. Bank Stability Analysis
3.3. Factors Affecting Bank Stability
3.3.1. Freeze-Thaw Effect
3.3.2. Effect of Infiltration Water Pressure
3.3.3. Effect of Bank Slope
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- When the river water level is constant, the safety factor of bank stability decreases with the rising groundwater level. When the groundwater level is constant, the safety coefficient of bank stability declines with the decreasing river water level, with a trend of thawing period < dry period < low water period < flooding period < wet period.
- (2)
- The freeze-thaw action significantly changes the mechanical properties of the bank material, leading to a 24.35–29.13% reduction in the safety factor of bank stability, indicating the important effect of the freeze-thaw in reducing the bank stability.
- (3)
- When the groundwater level is lower than the river water level, the infiltration water pressure mainly shows an inhibitory effect on the bank stability. The safety factor of bank stability will increase. By contrast, when the groundwater level is higher, the infiltration water pressure plays a destabilizing role.
- (4)
- When the river water level is below 4 m, there is a possibility of bank collapse under different bank slope angles, and the safety factor decreases with larger bank slope angles.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Natural Specific Weight, (kN/m3) | Saturated Specific Weight, (kN/m3) | Dry Density, (g/cm3) | Experimental Values | Valid Values | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18.1 | 19.3 | 33.55 | 1.58 | 35.5 | 30 | 24.85 | 27 |
0 | −0.5 | −1 | −1.5 | −2.0 | −2.5 | −3.0 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
−2 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
−3 | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
−4 | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | |
−5 | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | |
−6 | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | |
−7 | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | |
−8 | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
Parameters | Thawing Period | Dry Period | Wet Period | Flooding Period | Low Flow Period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
16.8 | 16.8 | 24.85 | 24.85 | 24.85 | |
/° | 25.2 | 25.2 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
/m | 0 | −3 | −3 | −0.5 | −0.5 |
/m | −5 | −5 | −1.5 | −1.5 | −4 |
Safety factor | 0.75 | 1.26 | 4.16 | 2.14 | 1.29 |
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Li, C.; Yang, Z.; Shen, H.T.; Mou, X. Freeze-Thaw Effect on Riverbank Stability. Water 2022, 14, 2479. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162479
Li C, Yang Z, Shen HT, Mou X. Freeze-Thaw Effect on Riverbank Stability. Water. 2022; 14(16):2479. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162479
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chao, Zhen Yang, Hung Tao Shen, and Xianyou Mou. 2022. "Freeze-Thaw Effect on Riverbank Stability" Water 14, no. 16: 2479. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162479
APA StyleLi, C., Yang, Z., Shen, H. T., & Mou, X. (2022). Freeze-Thaw Effect on Riverbank Stability. Water, 14(16), 2479. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162479