Assessing the Impact of the Strictest Water Resources Management Policy on Water Use Efficiency in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Interval Event Study Method
3.2. Model
3.3. Variables
3.4. Data
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Analysis of Changes in Overall Water USE Efficiency
4.1.1. Changes in Indicators in 2007 and 2020
4.1.2. Changes in Indicators in 2011 and 2020
4.2. Changes in Water Use Efficiency in Different Event Windows
4.2.1. The SWRM Policy’s Impact on Total Annual Water Consumption
4.2.2. The SWRM Policy’s Impact on Total Groundwater Supply
4.2.3. The SWRM Policy’s Impact on Total Industrial and Agricultural Water Consumption
4.2.4. The SWRM Policy’s Impact on Water Consumption Per Ten Thousand Yuan of GDP and Ten Thousand Yuan of Industrial Added Value
4.2.5. The SWRM Policy’s Impact on Urban Sewage Discharge and Urban Sewage Treatment Rates
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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The Event | Event Windows | Start | End | Indicators |
---|---|---|---|---|
Implement the strictest water resource management policy | Pre- | 2007 | 2010 | Total annual water consumption, groundwater supply, industrial water consumption, agricultural water consumption, water consumption per ten thousand yuan of GDP, water consumption per ten thousand yuan of industrial added value, urban sewage discharge, urban sewage treatment rate |
Middle | 2011 | 2016 | ||
Post | 2017 | 2020 |
Variables | Unit | Samples | Min | Max | Mean | Standard Deviation | Median | Data Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total annual water consumption | 10 thousand m3 | 14 | 58,129,000 | 61,834,000 | 60,192,142.86 | 1,104,845.54 | 60,311,000 | China Statistical Yearbook of Water Resources China Statistical Yearbook |
Total groundwater supply | 10 thousand m3 | 14 | 8,925,000 | 11,338,000 | 10,562,571.43 | 745,845.39 | 10,771,500 | China Environmental Statistics Yearbook |
Total industrial water consumption | 10 thousand m3 | 14 | 10,304,000 | 138,070,000 | 22,214,285.71 | 33,364,217.87 | 13,734,500 | China Statistical Yearbook China Statistical Yearbook of Social Statistics |
Total agricultural water consumption | 10 thousand m3 | 14 | 35,985,000 | 39,215,000 | 37,489,357.14 | 1,036,010.44 | 37,333,500 | China Statistical Yearbook China Statistical Yearbook of Social Statistics |
Water consumption per ten thousand yuan of GDP | 100 million m3 | 14 | 57.21 | 215.43 | 112.98 | 49.66 | 99.5 | China Water Resources Bulletin |
Water consumption per ten thousand yuan of industrial added value | 100 million m3 | 14 | 18.57 | 52.64 | 30.4 | 10.61 | 27.81 | China Statistical Summary China Environmental Statistics Yearbook |
Urban sewage discharge | 10 thousand m3 | 14 | 3,610,118 | 5,713,633 | 4,468,221.38 | 700,677.81 | 4,363,976.5 | China Statistical Yearbook of Urban Construction China Statistical Yearbook of Urban and Rural Construction |
Urban sewage treatment rate | % | 14 | 62.90% | 97.50% | 86.50% | 10.60% | 89.70% | China Statistical Yearbook of Urban Construction China Statistical Yearbook of Urban and Rural Construction |
Indicators | Total Annual Water Consumption | Total Groundwater Supply | Total Industrial Water Consumption | Total Agricultural Water Consumption |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 58,187,000 | 10,695,000 | 14,041,000 | 35,985,000 |
2020 | 58,129,000 | 8,925,000 | 10,304,000 | 36,124,000 |
Range of change | −0.10% | −16.55% | −26.61% | 0.37% |
b | −1 | −1 | −1 | 1 |
Indicators | Water Consumption Per Ten Thousand Yuan of GDP | Water Consumption Per Ten Thousand Yuan of Industrial Added Value | Urban Sewage Discharge | Urban Sewage Treatment Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 235 | 126 | 3,610,118 | 62.9% |
2020 | 57.2 | 32.9 | 5,713,633 | 97.5% |
Range of change | −75.66% | −73.89% | 58.27% | 55.01% |
b | / | −1 | 1 | 1 |
Indicators | Total Annual Water Consumption | Total Groundwater Supply | Total Industrial Water Consumption | Total Agricultural Water Consumption |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | 6107.2 | 1109.1 | 1461.8 | 3743.6 |
2020 | 5812.9 | 892.5 | 1030.4 | 3612.4 |
Range of change | −4.82% | −19.53% | −29.51% | −3.50% |
Indicators | Water Consumption Per Ten Thousand Yuan of GDP | Water Consumption Per Ten Thousand Yuan of Industrial Added Value | Urban Sewage Discharge | Urban Sewage Treatment Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | 178 | 99 | 4,037,022 | 83.60% |
2020 | 57.2 | 32.9 | 5,713,633 | 97.50% |
Range of change | −67.87% | −66.77% | 41.53% | 16.63% |
Indicators | Event Windows | Width | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total annual water consumption | Pre- | 58,187,000 | 60,220,000 | 2,033,000 |
Middle | 61,072,000 | 61,834,000 | 1,614,000 | |
Post- | 58,129,000 | 60,434,000 | 2,305,000 | |
Total groundwater supply | Pre- | 10,695,000 | 11,703,000 | 1,008,000 |
Middle | 10,570,000 | 11,338,000 | 768,000 | |
Post- | 8,925,000 | 10,161,000 | 1,206,000 | |
Total industrial water consumption | Pre- | 13,909,000 | 14,473,000 | 5,640,000 |
Middle | 13,080,000 | 14,473,000 | 1,393,000 | |
Post- | 10,304,000 | 12,770,000 | 2,466,000 | |
Total agricultural water consumption | Pre- | 35,985,000 | 37,231,000 | 1,246,000 |
Middle | 36,891,000 | 39,215,000 | 2,324,000 | |
Post- | 36,124,000 | 37,664,000 | 1,540,000 | |
Water consumption per ten thousand yuan of GDP | Pre- | 191 | 235 | 44 |
Middle | 81 | 178 | 97 | |
Post- | 57.2 | 73 | 15.8 | |
Water consumption per ten thousand yuan of industrial added value | Pre- | 105 | 127 | 22 |
Middle | 52.8 | 99 | 46.2 | |
Post- | 32.9 | 45.6 | 12.7 | |
Urban sewage discharge | Pre- | 3,610,118 | 3,786,986 | 176,865 |
Middle | 3,786,983 | 4,803,049 | 1,016,066 | |
Post- | 4,923,895 | 5,713,633 | 789,738 | |
Urban sewage treatment rate | Pre- | 62.9% | 82.3% | 19.4% |
Middle | 82.30% | 93.40% | 11.1% | |
Post- | 94.50% | 97.50% | 3% |
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Cheng, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, N.; Song, T.; Song, Z. Assessing the Impact of the Strictest Water Resources Management Policy on Water Use Efficiency in China. Water 2022, 14, 2291. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152291
Cheng Z, Zhao Y, Wang N, Song T, Song Z. Assessing the Impact of the Strictest Water Resources Management Policy on Water Use Efficiency in China. Water. 2022; 14(15):2291. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152291
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Zhe, Yuntong Zhao, Nina Wang, Tao Song, and Zhe Song. 2022. "Assessing the Impact of the Strictest Water Resources Management Policy on Water Use Efficiency in China" Water 14, no. 15: 2291. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152291
APA StyleCheng, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, N., Song, T., & Song, Z. (2022). Assessing the Impact of the Strictest Water Resources Management Policy on Water Use Efficiency in China. Water, 14(15), 2291. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152291