Conjunctive Operation of Sand Dam and Groundwater Well for Reliable Water Supply during Drought Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Site
3. Methodology
3.1. Estimation of Water Demand
3.2. Rainfall Estimates According to Drought Frequency
3.3. Development of Conjunctive Use Scenarios
3.4. Scenario Simulation
3.5. Evaluation of Water Supply Reliability
3.6. Implementation of Conjunctive Use Scenarios
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Water Demand
4.2. Probable Rainfall for Drought
4.3. Conjunctive Use Scenarios
4.4. Simulation of Conjunctive Use Scenarios
4.4.1. Inflow Estimation
4.4.2. Water Supply Reliability
4.5. Operation with Conjunctive Use Scenarios
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sand Dam | Groundwater Well | ||
---|---|---|---|
Top width (m) | 13 | Type of rock | Sedimentary rock |
Bottom width (m) | 13 | Excavation depth (m) | 120 |
Height (m) | 1.9 | Discharge pipe diameter (mm) | 20 |
Design rainfall (mm/h) | 109 | Pumping capacity (m3/day) | 23 |
Runoff coefficient | 0.8 | Pump power (hp) | 1 |
Maximum discharge (m3/s) | 3.18 | Depth to pump (m) | 100 |
Drought Frequency | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 18.6 | 26.5 | 35.9 | 73.9 | 102.2 | 122.6 | 383.0 | 322.3 | 125.3 | 50.6 | 49.3 | 22.8 |
5-year | 15.0 | 21.4 | 28.9 | 59.6 | 82.4 | 98.8 | 308.6 | 259.7 | 101.0 | 40.8 | 39.8 | 18.3 |
10-year | 13.8 | 19.6 | 26.6 | 54.7 | 75.6 | 90.7 | 283.3 | 238.4 | 92.7 | 37.4 | 36.5 | 16.8 |
20-year | 12.9 | 18.3 | 24.8 | 51.1 | 70.7 | 84.7 | 264.7 | 222.8 | 86.6 | 35.0 | 34.1 | 15.7 |
50-year | 11.9 | 17.0 | 23.1 | 47.4 | 65.6 | 78.7 | 245.9 | 206.9 | 80.5 | 32.5 | 31.7 | 14.6 |
Scenario | Frequency | Sand Dam %, Supply 1, Supply 2 | Groundwater Well %, Supply 1, Supply 2 |
---|---|---|---|
S0 (Base Scenario) | Normal | 100, 9.16, 13.74 | 0, 0.00, 0.00 |
5-year | 100, 9.16, 13.74 | 0, 0.00, 0.00 | |
10-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
20-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
50-year | 85, 7.79, 11.68 | 15, 1.37, 2.06 | |
S1 | Normal | 100, 9.16, 13.74 | 0, 0.00, 0.00 |
5-year | 95, 8.70, 13.06 | 5, 0.46, 0.69 | |
10-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
20-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
50-year | 85, 7.79, 11.68 | 15, 1.37, 2.06 | |
S2 | Normal | 100, 9.16, 13.74 | 0, 0.00, 0.00 |
5-year | 95, 8.70, 13.06 | 5, 0.46, 0.69 | |
10-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
20-year | 85, 7.79, 11.68 | 15, 1.37, 2.06 | |
50-year | 80, 7.33, 11.0 | 20, 1.83, 2.75 | |
S3 | Normal | 100, 9.16, 13.74 | 0, 0.00, 0.00 |
5-year | 95, 8.70, 13.06 | 5, 0.46, 0.69 | |
10-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
20-year | 85, 7.79, 11.68 | 15, 1.37, 2.06 | |
50-year | 70, 6.41, 9.62 | 30, 2.75, 4.12 | |
S4 | Normal | 100, 9.16, 13.74 | 0, 0.00, 0.00 |
5-year | 95, 8.70, 13.06 | 5, 0.46, 0.69 | |
10-year | 90, 8.25, 12.37 | 10, 0.92, 1.37 | |
20-year | 80, 7.33, 11.0 | 20, 1.37, 2.06 | |
50-year | 60, 5.50, 8.25 | 40, 3.67, 5.50 |
Inflow Estimation | Water Demand (m3/day) | Drought Frequency | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 5-Year | 10-Year | 20-Year | 50-Year | ||
Kajiyama formula | Demand 1 (9.16) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Demand 2 (13.7) | ||||||
TPM | Demand 1 (9.16) | 100 | 100 | 91.7 | 83.3 | 83.3 |
Demand 2 (13.7) | 100 | 100 | 83.3 | 83.3 | 83.3 |
Inflow Estimation | Scenario | Drought Frequency | Duration | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 Months (July–Aug.) | 4 Months (June–Sept.) | 6 Months (May–Oct.) | 12 Months (Jan.–Dec.) | |||
Kajiyama formula | All | All | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● |
TPM | S0 | Normal | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● |
5-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
10-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ||
20-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ○/○ (91.7/83.3) | ||
50-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ○/○ (83.3/83.3) | ||
S1 | Normal | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | |
5-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
10-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ||
20-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ○/○ (91.7/83.3) | ||
50-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ○/○ (83.3/83.3) | ||
S2 | Normal | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | |
5-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
10-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ||
20-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ○/○ (91.7/83.3) | ||
50-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ○/○ (83.3/83.3) | ||
S3 | Normal | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | |
5-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
10-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/○ (91.7) | ||
20-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ○/○ (91.7/83.3) | ||
50-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ○/○ (83.3/83.3) | ||
S4 | Normal | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | |
5-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
10-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
20-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ||
50-year | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● | ●/● |
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Kim, B.R.; Lee, S.-I.; Yu, S.M. Conjunctive Operation of Sand Dam and Groundwater Well for Reliable Water Supply during Drought Conditions. Water 2022, 14, 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142249
Kim BR, Lee S-I, Yu SM. Conjunctive Operation of Sand Dam and Groundwater Well for Reliable Water Supply during Drought Conditions. Water. 2022; 14(14):2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142249
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Bo Ram, Sang-Il Lee, and Su Min Yu. 2022. "Conjunctive Operation of Sand Dam and Groundwater Well for Reliable Water Supply during Drought Conditions" Water 14, no. 14: 2249. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142249