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Volume 13
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10.3390/w13233394
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Article

Anticipated Memories and Adaptation from Past Flood Events in Gregório Creek Basin, Brazil

by
Hailton César Pimentel Fialho
1,*,
Fernando Girardi Abreu
1,
Bruno José de Oliveira Sousa
1,
Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza
1,
Namrata Bhattacharya-Mis
2,
Eduardo Mario Mendiondo
1 and
Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira
3
1
Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
2
Department of Geography and International Development, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK
3
Faculty of Engineering and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2021, 13(23), 3394; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233394
Submission received: 31 August 2021 / Revised: 10 November 2021 / Accepted: 23 November 2021 / Published: 1 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flood Risk Management and Resilience)
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Abstract

In this research we used walking interviews to investigate the measures used by shopkeepers as protection against floods. The concept of anticipated memory has been used to identify the relationship between their learning from previous events and the adaptive measures they have taken to reduce risk of future flooding in Gregório Creek basin. The area is affected by major flooding issues in the city of São Carlos, southeastern Brazil. Twenty-three (23) downtown merchants shared their experience of the extreme rainfall that occurred on 12 January 2020, characterized by a return period of 103 years. Comparing our findings with November 2015 and March 2018 floods (Interviews 37 and 52 respectively), we noted that due to the enhanced level of threat, people had changed their adaptation strategy by increasing the sum of floodgate height more than 4-fold (870 cm to 3830 cm) between 2015 to 2020. Our results showed that despite frequent flooding, the shopkeepers downtown were reluctant to move away from the area; rather, they preferred to improve their individual protection. The substantial increase in the height of the floodgates represents the population’s feedback in the face of a new level of threat.
Keywords: flood risk; socio-hydrology; memory; flood protection; shop keepers flood risk; socio-hydrology; memory; flood protection; shop keepers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fialho, H.C.P.; Abreu, F.G.; Sousa, B.J.d.O.; Souza, F.A.A.; Bhattacharya-Mis, N.; Mendiondo, E.M.; Oliveira, P.T.S.d. Anticipated Memories and Adaptation from Past Flood Events in Gregório Creek Basin, Brazil. Water 2021, 13, 3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233394

AMA Style

Fialho HCP, Abreu FG, Sousa BJdO, Souza FAA, Bhattacharya-Mis N, Mendiondo EM, Oliveira PTSd. Anticipated Memories and Adaptation from Past Flood Events in Gregório Creek Basin, Brazil. Water. 2021; 13(23):3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233394

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fialho, Hailton César Pimentel, Fernando Girardi Abreu, Bruno José de Oliveira Sousa, Felipe Augusto Arguello Souza, Namrata Bhattacharya-Mis, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, and Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira. 2021. "Anticipated Memories and Adaptation from Past Flood Events in Gregório Creek Basin, Brazil" Water 13, no. 23: 3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233394

APA Style

Fialho, H. C. P., Abreu, F. G., Sousa, B. J. d. O., Souza, F. A. A., Bhattacharya-Mis, N., Mendiondo, E. M., & Oliveira, P. T. S. d. (2021). Anticipated Memories and Adaptation from Past Flood Events in Gregório Creek Basin, Brazil. Water, 13(23), 3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233394

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