Suspended Sediment Transport Responses to Increasing Human Activities in a High-Altitude River: A Case Study in a Typical Sub-Catchment of the Yarlung Tsangpo River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Estimation of the Undisturbed and Missing SSCs
3.2. Sediment Load in the N–Y Reach
3.3. Contributions of the Lhasa River to the N–Y Reach
3.4. Anomalous SSC in the Lhasa River and Mainstream Response
4. Discussion
4.1. Human Activities in the N–Y Reach
4.2. Potential Changes in Other Reaches
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Station | Longitude | Latitude | Altitude (m) | Catchment Area (104 km2) | Measurement Period | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Month | |||||
Lhasa | 91°09′ | 29°38′ | 3650 | 2.6 | 2014–2017 | Jan.–Dec |
Apr.–Oct | ||||||
Nugesha | 89°45′ | 29°18′ | 3720 | 10.6 | 2014–2017 | Jan.–Dec |
May–Oct. | ||||||
Yangcun | 91°49′ | 29°16′ | 3500 | 15.2 | 2014–2017 | Jan.–Dec |
Years | Lhasa | Nugesha | Yangcun | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitation 1 (mm) | Qyr (108m3/year) | Precipitation (mm) | Qyr (108m3/year) | Precipitation (mm) | Qyr (108m3/year) | |
2014 | 595.3 | 98.8 | 376.9 | 156.5 | 363.3 | 348.7 |
2015 | 422.7 | 46.7 | 214.8 | 74.0 | 246.9 | 186.1 |
2016 | 520.7 | 82.8 | 429.2 | 204.9 | 441.9 | 334.2 |
2017 | 532.8 | 96.2 | 427.4 | 208.2 | 412.6 | 337.2 |
Mean (2014–2017) | 517.9 | 80.6 | 362.1 | 159.8 | 366.2 | 299.6 |
Mean 2 (2007–2009) | 506.3 | 378.2 | 158.1 | 361.4 | 305.8 | |
Mean 3 (Pre) | 515.9 | 90.8 | 360.1 | 162.3 | 368.7 | 298.9 |
Fitting Parameters or Correlation Coefficient 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
α | 2.24 × 10−4 | |||
β | 0.87 | |||
a | 2.55 × 10−6 | 7.47 × 10−11 | 0.50 | |
b | 1.55 | −1.60 × 10−7 | −1.56 | |
c | 1.50× 10−2 | 2.12 × 10−4 | −0.83 | |
d | 6.87× 10−3 | |||
R2 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.61 |
Station | Power Curve | Log-Transformed Data Fitted with Quadratic Polynomials | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α1 | β | R2 | a | b | c | R2 | |
Nugesha (2014–2017) | 2.34 × 10−4 | 1.06 | 0.64 | 0.17 | 0.13 | −2.39 | 0.64 |
Yangcun(2014–2017) | 1.01 × 10−4 | 1.05 | 0.66 | 0.96 | −4.62 | 4.24 | 0.72 |
Nugesha (2007–2009) | 4 × 10−4 | 1.01 | 0.54 | ||||
Yangcun (2007–2009) | 2 × 10−4 | 1.03 | 0.66 |
Year | Nugesha | Yangcun | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α | β | R2 | α | β | R2 | |
2014 | 3.9 × 10−4 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 1.0 × 10−5 | 1.17 | 0.77 |
2015 | 8.1 × 10−5 | 1.23 | 0.37 | 4.5 × 10−4 | 0.81 | 0.34 |
2016 | 1.3 × 10−4 | 1.13 | 0.67 | 5.1 × 10−4 | 0.86 | 0.68 |
2017 | 4.2 × 10−4 | 0.98 | 0.59 | 6.7 × 10−5 | 1.09 | 0.77 |
Pre 1 | 4 × 10−4 | 1.01 | 0.54 | 2 × 10−4 | 1.03 | 0.66 |
Yeas | Cropland | Forestland | Grassland | Water Bodies | Urban Area | Barren or Sparsely Vegetated Land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 2.4% | 3.8% | 71.4% | 2.9% | 0.2% | 19.3% |
2018 | 3.4% | 10.4% | 59.6% | 3.6% | 0.2% | 22.7% |
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Huang, Z.; Lin, B.; Sun, J.; Luozhu, N.; Da, P.; Dawa, J. Suspended Sediment Transport Responses to Increasing Human Activities in a High-Altitude River: A Case Study in a Typical Sub-Catchment of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Water 2020, 12, 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040952
Huang Z, Lin B, Sun J, Luozhu N, Da P, Dawa J. Suspended Sediment Transport Responses to Increasing Human Activities in a High-Altitude River: A Case Study in a Typical Sub-Catchment of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Water. 2020; 12(4):952. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040952
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Zhe, Binliang Lin, Jian Sun, Nima Luozhu, Ping Da, and Jinmei Dawa. 2020. "Suspended Sediment Transport Responses to Increasing Human Activities in a High-Altitude River: A Case Study in a Typical Sub-Catchment of the Yarlung Tsangpo River" Water 12, no. 4: 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040952