Clustering Groundwater Level Time Series of the Exploited Almonte-Marismas Aquifer in Southwest Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Data Collection and Pre-Treatment
2.3. K-Means Clustering
2.4. Time Series Clustering (TSC)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Imputation Piezometry and Visual Classification
3.2. K-Means Clustering
3.3. Time Series Clustering
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Code | N | Mean | Med. | Max. | Min. | St. Dev | % MV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
104140047 | 377 | 86.34 | 86.27 | 91.64 | 81.33 | 2.02 | 23.37 |
104180012 | 234 | 20.57 | 20.81 | 22.11 | 18.62 | 0.90 | 52.44 |
104180021 | 422 | 18.07 | 17.88 | 23.63 | 13.88 | 2.36 | 14.23 |
104210004 | 252 | 46.41 | 46.78 | 53.04 | 38.56 | 2.08 | 48.78 |
104220006 | 253 | 36.30 | 36.13 | 39.74 | 33.19 | 1.42 | 48.58 |
104230003 | 261 | 62.94 | 62.97 | 65.05 | 59.80 | 1.09 | 46.95 |
104240033 | 321 | 10.28 | 10.39 | 15.47 | 0.39 | 2.64 | 34.76 |
104240058 | 431 | 23.10 | 23.71 | 27.92 | 14.46 | 2.78 | 12.40 |
104240066 | 335 | 32.08 | 32.26 | 34.21 | 28.88 | 1.18 | 31.91 |
104240082 | 431 | 5.01 | 5.41 | 12.09 | −5.48 | 3.81 | 12.40 |
114150046 | 343 | 8.75 | 8.97 | 11.98 | 6.03 | 1.30 | 30.28 |
114150065 | 404 | 2.37 | 1.94 | 15.50 | −5.36 | 5.10 | 17.89 |
114160012 | 392 | 30.27 | 30.02 | 33.10 | 28.83 | 0.68 | 20.33 |
114170034 | 350 | −7.95 | −5.54 | 4.73 | −23.19 | 7.59 | 28.86 |
114170040 | 335 | −6.51 | −5.36 | 3.89 | −21.29 | 5.75 | 31.91 |
114180059 | 327 | −4.35 | −4.56 | 3.55 | −12.66 | 3.31 | 33.54 |
114210031 | 235 | 5.45 | 7.87 | 16.44 | −4.15 | 6.86 | 52.24 |
114210051 | 379 | 6.60 | 6.64 | 14.23 | −7.06 | 3.87 | 22.97 |
114210076 | 356 | 2.67 | 2.47 | 6.60 | −0.54 | 1.71 | 27.64 |
114210094 | 243 | 5.06 | 4.87 | 12.64 | −2.82 | 3.54 | 50.61 |
114210114 | 338 | 9.65 | 9.50 | 14.20 | 5.98 | 1.98 | 31.30 |
114220007 | 390 | 1.66 | 1.65 | 5.00 | −0.78 | 1.03 | 20.73 |
114220013 | 428 | −1.49 | −1.83 | 2.62 | −5.52 | 2.50 | 13.01 |
114230024 | 359 | −3.87 | −3.88 | 0.86 | −9.21 | 2.96 | 27.03 |
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Method | Sub-Period | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 | Cluster 6 | Cluster 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Visual | 1 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 3 | - | - | - |
2 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 3 | - | - | - | |
k-means | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 12 | - |
2 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | |
TSC | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 |
2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 2 |
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Share and Cite
Naranjo-Fernández, N.; Guardiola-Albert, C.; Aguilera, H.; Serrano-Hidalgo, C.; Montero-González, E. Clustering Groundwater Level Time Series of the Exploited Almonte-Marismas Aquifer in Southwest Spain. Water 2020, 12, 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041063
Naranjo-Fernández N, Guardiola-Albert C, Aguilera H, Serrano-Hidalgo C, Montero-González E. Clustering Groundwater Level Time Series of the Exploited Almonte-Marismas Aquifer in Southwest Spain. Water. 2020; 12(4):1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041063
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaranjo-Fernández, Nuria, Carolina Guardiola-Albert, Héctor Aguilera, Carmen Serrano-Hidalgo, and Esperanza Montero-González. 2020. "Clustering Groundwater Level Time Series of the Exploited Almonte-Marismas Aquifer in Southwest Spain" Water 12, no. 4: 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041063
APA StyleNaranjo-Fernández, N., Guardiola-Albert, C., Aguilera, H., Serrano-Hidalgo, C., & Montero-González, E. (2020). Clustering Groundwater Level Time Series of the Exploited Almonte-Marismas Aquifer in Southwest Spain. Water, 12(4), 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041063