Using Soil Water Stable Isotopes to Investigate Soil Water Movement in a Water Conservation Forest in Hani Terrace
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Research Site and Standard Plots
2.3. Sample Collection and Stable Isotope Determination
2.3.1. Sample Collection
2.3.2. Stable Isotope Determination
2.4. Soil Water and Meteorological Data Acquisition
2.5. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. Dynamic Changes in Soil Moisture
3.2. Stable Isotope Characteristics of Precipitation
3.3. Stable Isotope Characteristics of Soil Water
3.3.1. Soil Water δ18O Variability with Depth
3.3.2. Evaporation Effects on Soil Water Stable Isotopes
3.3.3. Influence of Infiltration Processes on Soil Water Stable Isotopes
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Water Source and Movement Mechanisms
4.2. Influence of Stand Type on Soil Water Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vegetation Types | Sample Plot | Latitude and Longitude | Altitude (m) | Aspect | Major Plant Species | Cover Degree (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arbor land | A-1 | 102°46′11″ E 23°5′37″ N | 2069.2 | E | Camellia pitardii, Schima khasiana, Castanopsis orthacanthus Franch, Alnus nepalensis D.Don | 80 |
A-2 | 102°46′10″ E 23°5′37″ N | 2068.2 | 90 | |||
A-3 | 102°46′11″ E 23°5′37″ N | 2057.1 | 85 | |||
Shrubland | S-1 | 102°46′17″ E 23°5′44″ N | 1976.5 | E | Melastoma candidum, Clerodendrum bungei, Neolitsea homilantha, Melodinus suaveolens Champ. ex Benth. | 98 |
S-2 | 102°46′18″ E 23°5′44″ N | 1968.1 | 98 | |||
S-3 | 102°46′18″ E 23°5′45″ N | 1966.8 | 96 | |||
Grassland | G-1 | 102°46′16″ E 23°5′57″ N | 1924.2 | E | Rostellularia procumbens, Phyllanthus urinaria, Achnatherum splendens | 90 |
G-2 | 102°46′16″ E 23°7′27″ N | 1923.8 | 85 | |||
G-3 | 102°46′16″ E 23°5′51″ N | 1921.5 | 90 |
Water Bodies | Relationship between the Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes | R | P | Number of Samples | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precipitation | δ2H = 7.67 δ18O + 7.87 | 0.968 | 0.000 | 99 | |
Groundwater | δ2H = 5.96 δ18O − 6.55 | 0.968 | 0.001 | 13 | |
Soil water | Arbor land | δ2H = 7.19 δ18O + 1.11 | 0.968 | 0.003 | 216 |
Shrubland | δ2H = 7.19 δ18O + 0.36 | 0.973 | 0.002 | 216 | |
Grassland | δ2H = 7.23 δ18O + 1.21 | 0.984 | 0.001 | 216 |
Items | Annual | Dry Season | Wet Season | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ18O (‰) | lc-Excess (‰) | δ18O (‰) | lc-Excess (‰) | δ18O (‰) | lc-Excess (‰) | |||
Precipitation | −10.69 ± 3.65 | 0 ± 7.25 | −7.38 ± 2.42 | 1.25 ± 6.78 | −11.71 ± 3.56 | −0.96 ± 7.52 | ||
Soil water | Arbor land | 0–10 cm | −8.79 ± 1.94 | −3.41 ± 2.49 | −7.77 ± 1.40 | −3.65 ± 3.30 | −9.82 ± 1.96 | −3.18 ± 1.62 |
10–20 cm | −9.59 ± 1.92 | −2.52 ± 2.88 | −8.66 ± 1.55 | −2.38 ± 2.32 | −10.53 ± 1.91 | −2.65 ± 3.59 | ||
20–40 cm | −10.13 ± 1.42 | −1.91 ± 1.55 | −9.46 ± 1.21 | −1.78 ± 2.98 | −10.84 ± 1.19 | −2.07 ± 1.93 | ||
40–60 cm | −10.26 ± 0.67 | −1.92 ± 2.40 | −9.83 ± 0.73 | −1.82 ± 5.22 | −11.06 ± 0.73 | −2.64 ± 1.69 | ||
60–80 cm | −10.64 ± 0.54 | −1.41 ± 2.43 | −10.44 ± 0.15 | −1.75 ± 2.62 | −10.44 ± 0.47 | −1.08 ± 2.42 | ||
80–100 cm | −10.11 ± 0.70 | −1.07 ± 3.92 | −9.86 ± 0.95 | −1.18 ± 1.06 | −10.36 ± 0.21 | −0.33 ± 2.30 | ||
average | −9.92 ± 1.42 | −2.06 ± 2.74 | −9.34 ± 1.36 | −2.09 ± 3.04 | −10.51 ± 1.24 | −2.03 ± 2.44 | ||
Shrubland | 0–10 cm | −8.24 ± 2.62 | −3.61 ± 3.64 | −6.54 ± 2.11 | −3.98 ± 5.50 | −9.94 ± 1.94 | −3.56 ± 3.25 | |
10–20 cm | −9.29 ± 2.26 | −3.27 ± 4.25 | −7.96 ± 1.78 | −3.94 ± 3.52 | −10.81 ± 1.97 | −2.96 ± 2.99 | ||
20–40 cm | −10.20 ± 1.32 | −3.16 ± 2.71 | −9.60 ± 0.87 | −3.67 ± 4.31 | −10.86 ± 1.29 | −2.55 ± 2.88 | ||
40–60 cm | −10.41 ± 1.15 | −3.07 ± 2.95 | −9.97 ± 1.52 | −3.17 ± 3.19 | −11.00 ± 0.79 | −2.38 ± 1.52 | ||
60–80 cm | −10.60 ± 0.58 | −1.62 ± 3.15 | −10.40 ± 0.21 | −2.12 ± 2.15 | −10.62 ± 0.26 | −1.11 ± 4.07 | ||
80–100 cm | −10.44 ± 0.57 | −2.10 ± 1.74 | −10.20 ± 0.53 | −2.58 ± 2.36 | −10.47 ± 0.82 | −1.61 ± 0.70 | ||
average | −9.86 ± 1.78 | −2.80 ± 3.14 | −9.11 ± 1.89 | −3.24 ± 3.48 | −10.62 ± 1.28 | −2.36 ± 2.72 | ||
Grassland | 0–10 cm | −7.58 ± 2.88 | −4.10 ± 4.86 | −5.71 ± 2.45 | −5.24 ± 6.49 | −9.45 ± 1.98 | −3.15 ± 2.87 | |
10–20 cm | −8.89 ± 2.28 | −2.29 ± 2.02 | −7.31 ± 2.09 | −2.96 ± 2.58 | −10.47 ± 1.04 | −2.17 ± 0.85 | ||
20–40 cm | −10.21 ± 1.48 | −2.16 ± 2.58 | −9.33 ± 1.49 | −2.70 ± 2.08 | −11.10 ± 0.83 | −1.88 ± 2.06 | ||
40–60 cm | −11.28 ± 0.50 | −1.86 ± 1.64 | −11.02 ± 0.47 | −2.11 ± 1.69 | −11.54 ± 0.40 | −1.52 ± 2.56 | ||
60–80 cm | −10.86 ± 0.60 | −1.82 ± 2.09 | −10.37 ± 0.41 | −2.03 ± 2.20 | −11.39 ± 0.85 | −1.56 ± 2.24 | ||
80–100 cm | −10.84 ± 0.85 | −1.40 ± 2.70 | −10.28 ± 0.35 | −1.17 ± 2.00 | −11.34 ± 0.22 | −0.77 ± 3.19 | ||
average | −9.94 ± 2.09 | −2.27 ± 2.88 | −9.00 ± 2.35 | −2.42 ± 2.21 | −10.88 ± 1.22 | −2.12 ± 3.45 | ||
Groundwater | −9.16 ± 0.55 | 1.19 ± 1.27 | −8.94 ± 0.66 | 1.55 ± 0.67 | −9.35 ± 0.38 | 0.78 ± 1.72 |
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Pu, H.; Song, W.; Wu, J. Using Soil Water Stable Isotopes to Investigate Soil Water Movement in a Water Conservation Forest in Hani Terrace. Water 2020, 12, 3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123520
Pu H, Song W, Wu J. Using Soil Water Stable Isotopes to Investigate Soil Water Movement in a Water Conservation Forest in Hani Terrace. Water. 2020; 12(12):3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123520
Chicago/Turabian StylePu, Huimei, Weifeng Song, and Jinkui Wu. 2020. "Using Soil Water Stable Isotopes to Investigate Soil Water Movement in a Water Conservation Forest in Hani Terrace" Water 12, no. 12: 3520. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123520