The Association between Hydro-Meteorological Events and Leptospirosis Hospitalizations in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Case Study: Santa Catarina (Brazil)
2.2. Hydrological Events
Health Indicators
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis
3.1.1. Hydrological Events
3.1.2. Hospital Admissions by Leptospirosis
3.1.3. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Macro-Regions | Number Of Flash Floods | Number Of Floods | Number Of Flooding | Total Number Of Events |
---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Florianopolis | 175 | 03 | 01 | 179 |
Northeast | 113 | 01 | 01 | 115 |
Northern Plateau | 62 | 22 | 07 | 91 |
Serrano Plateau | 63 | 06 | 01 | 70 |
River Itajaí Estuary | 103 | 05 | 02 | 110 |
Southern ST. Catarina | 318 | 06 | 07 | 331 |
Itajaí Valley | 349 | 20 | 03 | 372 |
Midwest | 163 | 07 | 10 | 180 |
Extreme West | 195 | 19 | 02 | 216 |
Spearman Correlations | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health Macro-Region | Leptospirosis Hospitalization Rate | ||||||||||||
Year | |||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2005/2014 | |||
Hydrological Events | Greater Florianopolis | Coef. | 0.032 | −0.044 | 0.028 | 0.612 * | 0.352 | 0.441 | 0.635 * | (1) | 0.656 * | 0.088 | 0.378 ** |
Sig. | 0.921 | 0.893 | 0.931 | 0.035 | 0.262 | 0.151 | 0,026 | 0.020 | 0.785 | 0.000 | |||
Northeast | Coef. | −0.220 | −0.227 | 0.196 | 0.740 ** | −0.221 | 0.416 | 0.608 * | 0.485 | (1) | 0.155 | 0.279 ** | |
Sig. | 0.492 | 0.478 | 0.542 | 0.006 | 0.490 | 0.178 | 0.036 | 0.110 | 0.631 | 0.002 | |||
North Plateau | Coef. | (2) | 0.105 | (1) | −0.134 | −0.134 | 0.393 | −0.326 | (1) | −0.069 | 0.448 | −0.042 | |
Sig. | 0.745 | 0.677 | 0.677 | 0.207 | 0.300 | 0.832 | 0.144 | 0.648 | |||||
Serrano Plateau | Coef. | 0.109 | (2) | −0.094 | 0.335 | (2) | −0.255 | −0.260 | (1) | (1) | (1) (2) | −0.042 | |
Sig. | 0.736 | 0.772 | 0.287 | 0.424 | 0.415 | 0.648 | |||||||
River Itajaí Estuary | Coef. | (1) | (1) | −0.312 | 0.405 | −0.007 | −0.524 | 0.276 | −0.285 | 0.390 | −0.049 | −0.032 | |
Sig. | 0.323 | 0.192 | 0.983 | 0.080 | 0.384 | 0.368 | 0.210 | 0.880 | 0.725 | ||||
Southern St. Catarina | Coef. | −0.083 | 0.496 | −0.277 | 0.372 | 0.000 | 0.713** | 0.261 | 0.353 | 0.047 | 0.182 | 0.197 * | |
Sig. | 0.798 | 0.101 | 0.383 | 0.234 | 1.000 | 0.009 | 0.412 | 0.260 | 0.886 | 0.572 | 0.031 | ||
Itajaí Valley | Coef. | 0.221 | 0.459 | 0.330 | 0.722 ** | 0.658 * | 0.701 * | 0.613 * | 0.397 | (1) | 0.655 * | 0.338 ** | |
Sig. | 0.491 | 0.133 | 0.295 | 0.008 | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.201 | 0.021 | 0.000 | |||
Midwest | Coef. | 0.139 | −0.143 | −0.139 | −0.144 | −0.255 | 0.000 | 0.432 | −0.046 | −0.134 | 0.388 | 0.011 | |
Sig. | 0.667 | 0.657 | 0.667 | 0.656 | 0.424 | 1.000 | 0.161 | 0.886 | 0.677 | 0.213 | 0.906 | ||
Extreme West | Coef | 0.111 | (1) | 0.191 | −0.496 | 0.044 | −0.256 | 0.070 | (1) | −0.395 | 0.077 | −0.055 | |
Sig. | 0.730 | 0.551 | 0,101 | 0.892 | 0.421 | 0.829 | 0.203 | 0.812 | 0.551 | ||||
N | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 120 |
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Ercides Péres, W.; Russo, A.; Nunes, B. The Association between Hydro-Meteorological Events and Leptospirosis Hospitalizations in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Water 2019, 11, 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051052
Ercides Péres W, Russo A, Nunes B. The Association between Hydro-Meteorological Events and Leptospirosis Hospitalizations in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Water. 2019; 11(5):1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051052
Chicago/Turabian StyleErcides Péres, Wolmir, Ana Russo, and Baltazar Nunes. 2019. "The Association between Hydro-Meteorological Events and Leptospirosis Hospitalizations in Santa Catarina, Brazil" Water 11, no. 5: 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051052