Investigation of Runoff and Sediment Yields Under Different Crop and Tillage Conditions by Field Artificial Rainfall Experiments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental Designs
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Experimental Design
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Runoff Yield
3.2. Sediment Yield
3.3. Changes in Volumetric Soil Moisture (VMC)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Equation of SCS-CN Model
References
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Symbol | Name | Coverage (%) | Crop Types and Tillage Measures |
---|---|---|---|
BL | Bare land | 0 | Established after crop harvest |
PL | Peanut | 92 | Crop spacing: 0.3 × 0.4 m |
CL | Corn | 15 | Crop spacing: 1.0 × 0.5 m |
BP | Bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut (lower slope) | 80 | Peanuts were removed from the upper section of the slope to establish a bare land, whereas peanuts were preserved on the lower section of the slope |
TCP | Corn mixed with peanut intercropping | 80 | Crop spacing: 0.1 × 0.5 m and (corn) 0.2 × 0.1 m (peanut) (peanut and corn were intercropped) |
TCS | Corn mixed with soybean intercropping | 55 | Crop spacing: 0.1 × 0.5 m (corn) and 0.3 × 0.3 m (soybean) (soybean and corn were intercropped) |
BS | Downslope ridge cultivation | 0 | After peanuts were harvested, the peanut-cropped plot was redeveloped into a bare land for downslope ridge cultivation |
SC | Straw-mulched bare land | 75 | After peanuts were harvested, the peanut-cropped plot was mulched with straw |
Slope Treatments | BL | CL | PL | BP | TCP | TCS | BS | SC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CN | 63.6 | 62.8 | 48.6 | 52.7 | 46.5 | 56.8 | 54.9 | 60.5 |
Number | PL | BP | BL | TCP | SC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-rainfall VMC | |||||
0–10 cm | 36.4 | 41.6 | 39.5 | 33.9 | 39.5 |
10–20 cm | 41.4 | 36.9 | 37.6 | 28.1 | 36.9 |
20–30 cm | 41.2 | 38.7 | 38.4 | 36.2 | 37.7 |
Average VMC | 39.7 | 39.1 | 38.5 | 32.7 | 38.0 |
Post-rainfall VMC | |||||
0–10 cm | 48.1 | 45.2 | 43.4 | 39.5 | 44.1 |
10–20 cm | 45.9 | 43.0 | 41.3 | 34.9 | 41.1 |
20–30 cm | 43.9 | 41.9 | 40.1 | 42.1 | 40.9 |
Average VMC | 46.0 | 43.4 | 41.6 | 38.8 | 42.0 |
ΔVMC (post-rainfall VMC-pre-rainfall VMC) | |||||
0–10 cm | 11.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 4.6 |
10–20 cm | 4.5 | 6.1 | 3.7 | 6.8 | 4.2 |
20–30 cm | 2.7 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 5.9 | 3.2 |
Average ΔVMC | 6.3 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 4.0 |
VMC of the Soil | Location on the Slope | PL | BP | BL | TCP | SC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-rainfall VMC | Upper section | 38.3 | 37.7 | 34.0 | 28.7 | 32.4 |
Middle section | 41.9 | 42.5 | 43.2 | 27.8 | 43.4 | |
Lower section | 38.8 | 37.0 | 38.3 | 41.8 | 38.3 | |
Post-rainfall VMC | Upper section | 46.6 | 42.0 | 36.8 | 35.4 | 36.7 |
Middle section | 47.8 | 47.0 | 47.4 | 33.5 | 47.5 | |
Lower section | 43.4 | 41.1 | 40.6 | 47.5 | 41.9 | |
ΔVMC (post-rainfall VMC-pre-rainfall VMC) | Upper section | 8.3 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 4.3 |
Middle section | 5.9 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 4.2 | |
Lower section | 4.6 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 5.8 | 3.6 | |
Average | 6.3 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 4.0 |
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Guo, M.; Zhang, T.; Li, Z.; Xu, G. Investigation of Runoff and Sediment Yields Under Different Crop and Tillage Conditions by Field Artificial Rainfall Experiments. Water 2019, 11, 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051019
Guo M, Zhang T, Li Z, Xu G. Investigation of Runoff and Sediment Yields Under Different Crop and Tillage Conditions by Field Artificial Rainfall Experiments. Water. 2019; 11(5):1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051019
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Mengjing, Tiegang Zhang, Zhanbin Li, and Guoce Xu. 2019. "Investigation of Runoff and Sediment Yields Under Different Crop and Tillage Conditions by Field Artificial Rainfall Experiments" Water 11, no. 5: 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051019