Forward Prediction of Runoff Data in Data-Scarce Basins with an Improved Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) Model
1
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
2
Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
3
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2018, 10(4), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040388
Received: 24 February 2018 / Revised: 22 March 2018 / Accepted: 23 March 2018 / Published: 27 March 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flood Forecasting Using Machine Learning Methods)
Data scarcity is a common problem in hydrological calculations that often makes water resources planning and engineering design challenging. Combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), a radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and an autoregression (AR) model, an improved EEMD prediction model is proposed for runoff series forward prediction, i.e., runoff series extension. In the improved model, considering the decomposition-prediction-reconstruction principle, EEMD was employed for decomposition and reconstruction and the RBF and AR model were used for component prediction. Also, the method of tracking energy differences (MTED) was used as stopping criteria for EEMD in order to solve the problem of mode mixing that occurs frequently in EEMD. The orthogonality index (Ort) and the relative average deviation (RAD) were introduced to verify the mode mixing and prediction performance. A case study showed that the MTED-based decomposition was significantly better than decomposition methods using the standard deviation (SD) criteria and the G. Rilling (GR) criteria. After MTED-based decomposition, mode mixing in EEMD was suppressed effectively (|Ort| < 0.23) and stable orthogonal components were obtained. For this, annual runoff series forward predictions using the improved EEMD-based prediction model were significantly better (RAD < 11.1%) than predictions by the rainfall-runoff method and the AR model method. Thus, this forward prediction model can be regarded as an approach for hydrological series extension, and shows promise for practical applications.
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Keywords:
data scarce basins; runoff series; data forward prediction; ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD); stopping criteria; method of tracking energy differences (MTED)
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MDPI and ACS Style
Yu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Singh, V.P. Forward Prediction of Runoff Data in Data-Scarce Basins with an Improved Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) Model. Water 2018, 10, 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040388
AMA Style
Yu Y, Zhang H, Singh VP. Forward Prediction of Runoff Data in Data-Scarce Basins with an Improved Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) Model. Water. 2018; 10(4):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040388
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yinghao; Zhang, Hongbo; Singh, Vijay P. 2018. "Forward Prediction of Runoff Data in Data-Scarce Basins with an Improved Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) Model" Water 10, no. 4: 388. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040388
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