Arsenic Removal Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: A Sustainable Alternative for Arsenic-Rich Acidic Waters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Wetland System
2.2. Synthetic Water
2.3. Operation, Sampling, and Analysis
2.4. Water Losses
2.5. Geochemical Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Neutralization Capacity of the System
3.2. Iron and Arsenic Removal
3.3. Lead and Zinc Removal
3.4. Water Losses and Geochemical Modeling
3.5. Role of Vegetation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Unit | Average ± SD |
---|---|---|
pH | - | 1.9 ± 0.1 |
T | °C | 21.8 ± 1.5 |
TDS | g/L | 4.15 ± 0.26 |
Hardness | mg/L CaCO3 | 1554 ± 179 |
ORP | mV | 6472 ± 23 |
SO4 | mg/L | 2092 ± 509 |
As | mg/L | 2.03 ± 0.19 |
Fe | mg/L | 61.54 ± 7.79 |
Pb | mg/L | 0.89 ± 0.10 |
Zn | mg/L | 11.92 ± 1.30 |
Mn | mg/L | 10.9 ± 0.46 |
Al | mg/L | 58 ± 4.2 |
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Lizama-Allende, K.; Jaque, I.; Ayala, J.; Montes-Atenas, G.; Leiva, E. Arsenic Removal Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: A Sustainable Alternative for Arsenic-Rich Acidic Waters. Water 2018, 10, 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101447
Lizama-Allende K, Jaque I, Ayala J, Montes-Atenas G, Leiva E. Arsenic Removal Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: A Sustainable Alternative for Arsenic-Rich Acidic Waters. Water. 2018; 10(10):1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101447
Chicago/Turabian StyleLizama-Allende, Katherine, Ignacio Jaque, José Ayala, Gonzalo Montes-Atenas, and Eduardo Leiva. 2018. "Arsenic Removal Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: A Sustainable Alternative for Arsenic-Rich Acidic Waters" Water 10, no. 10: 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101447