A Multidecadal Analysis of Föhn Winds over Larsen C Ice Shelf from a Combination of Observations and Modeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Automatic Weather Station
2.2. Regional Climate Model RACMO2
2.3. Föhn Identification
- Wind direction at the surface must be southwesterly (225°) to northerly (0°).
- Wind speed at the AWS location surface must exceed 4 m s−1.
- A föhn event must last at least 3 h (two consecutive data points must meet Criteria 1 and 2).
2.4. Climate Index
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Observational Föhn Characteristics
3.2. RACMO2 Model Evaluation
3.3. Temporal Variability of Föhn Occurrence at CI
3.4. Spatial Impact of Föhn in the AP
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Unit | All | Föhn | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWS | RACMO2 | AWS | RACMO2 | ||
Air temperature (2 m) | °C | −11.3 | −10.4 | −2.4 | −2.7 |
Skin temperature | °C | −13.2 | −13.7 | −4.7 | −6.9 |
Relative humidity (2 m) | % | 89.1 | 74.4 | 63.7 | 57.4 |
Wind speed (10 m) | m s−1 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 8.7 | 8.6 |
Wind direction | ° | 279 | 268 | 300 | 307 |
Parameters | Unit | ME | RMSE | r | r2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air temperature (2 m) | °C | 0.9 | 4.2 | 0.925 | 0.856 |
Specific humidity (2 m) | g kg−1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.931 | 0.843 |
Relative humidity (2 m) | % | −13.6 | 20.9 | 0.520 | 0.270 |
Skin temperature | °C | −0.5 | 4.2 | 0.923 | 0.851 |
Surface pressure | hPa | −1.5 | 2.1 | 0.990 | 0.980 |
Wind speed | m s−1 | −0.1 | 2.4 | 0.766 | 0.587 |
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Wiesenekker, J.M.; Kuipers Munneke, P.; Van den Broeke, M.R.; Smeets, C.J.P.P. A Multidecadal Analysis of Föhn Winds over Larsen C Ice Shelf from a Combination of Observations and Modeling. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050172
Wiesenekker JM, Kuipers Munneke P, Van den Broeke MR, Smeets CJPP. A Multidecadal Analysis of Föhn Winds over Larsen C Ice Shelf from a Combination of Observations and Modeling. Atmosphere. 2018; 9(5):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050172
Chicago/Turabian StyleWiesenekker, Jasper M., Peter Kuipers Munneke, Michiel R. Van den Broeke, and C. J. P. Paul Smeets. 2018. "A Multidecadal Analysis of Föhn Winds over Larsen C Ice Shelf from a Combination of Observations and Modeling" Atmosphere 9, no. 5: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050172