Attempts at the Characterization of In-Cell Biophysical Processes Non-Invasively—Quantitative NMR Diffusometry of a Model Cellular System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample of a Model Cellular System
2.2. System
2.3. Experiments
2.4. Models for Diffusion in Cellular System
2.5. Time-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient (TDDC)
2.6. Simulations
2.7. Permeability
3. Results
3.1. Relaxation Times
3.2. Choosing the Appropriate Diffusion Model
3.3. Relating Compartments with Cellular Structures
3.4. Simulation of the Diffusion Behavior in Cells
3.5. Extraction of Compartmental Characteristics from TDDCs
4. Discussion
4.1. Violation of the tm ≫ τ Condition
4.2. Comparison of the Diffusion Models
4.3. Characterization of the Compartments Based on TDDCs
4.4. Characterization of the Sample’s Microgeometry
4.5. Diffusive Permeabilities
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Structure | Size (μm) | Ns | Vt (μm3) | f | D0 (×10−9 m2/s) | f p02 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole cell | ~3 | 1 | 113 | -- | -- | -- |
Intracellular space (whole cell without CW) | 2.82–2.92 | 1 | 93.9–104 | 1 | ~0.5–0.7 [5,6,9,19] | 0.65 |
Nucleus | 1 [20,21] | 1 | 4.19 | 0.04 | ~0.01–0.1 [22], 0.23 (erythrocyte) [23], 0.04 (oligonucleotides) [24] | 0.026–0.029 |
Cell Wall (CW) and cell membrane (combined) | 0.0792–0.180 [25] | 1 | 8.72–19.2 | 0.08–0.204 | ~0.03 (weighted mean of CW and cell membrane) | 0.054–0.133 |
Cell membrane | 0.0092 [26] | 1 | 0.922–0.989 | 0.00989–0.00922 | 0.44 (water between lipid bilayer), <0.0006 (lipids) [27] | 0.0062–0.0063 |
Cell Wall (CW) | 0.070–0.1708 [28] | 1 | 7.73–18.2 | 0.07–0.194 | 0.032 ± 0.014 (Carboxyfloresceine in Thale cress) [29] | 0.048–0.126 |
Mitochondrion | 0.25 [30,31] | 2.3 [32] | 0.151 | 0.0014–0.0016 | 0.58 (liver mitochondrion) [23], ~0.01–0.1 Dbulk [33] | 0.00104 |
Vacuole | 1 [34] | 2.7 [35] | 11.3 | 0.11–0.12 | 0.34 (Besidiomycete fungi at 20 °C) [36], 1.7 (apples) [37] | 0.0704–0.0783 |
i | D0i(×10−9 m2s−1) | Si/Vi (μm−1) | P0i | τi (s) | Ri (μm) | Pd (μm/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.64 ± 0.15 | – | 0.2188 ± 0.0075 | 0.201 ± 0.039 | – | – |
2 | 0.692 ± 0.060 | 1.28 ± 0.22 | 0.6985 ± 0.0068 | 0.390 ± 0.056 | 2.252 ± 0.053 | 1.93 ± 0.10 |
3 | 0.095 ± 0.011 | 7.22 ± 0.28 | 0.070 ± 0.021 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 0.277 ± 0.048 | 2.38 ± 0.66 |
0.060 ± 0.028 | 0.039 ± 0.028 |
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Mazur, W.; Krzyżak, A.T. Attempts at the Characterization of In-Cell Biophysical Processes Non-Invasively—Quantitative NMR Diffusometry of a Model Cellular System. Cells 2020, 9, 2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092124
Mazur W, Krzyżak AT. Attempts at the Characterization of In-Cell Biophysical Processes Non-Invasively—Quantitative NMR Diffusometry of a Model Cellular System. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092124
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazur, Weronika, and Artur T. Krzyżak. 2020. "Attempts at the Characterization of In-Cell Biophysical Processes Non-Invasively—Quantitative NMR Diffusometry of a Model Cellular System" Cells 9, no. 9: 2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092124