Systematic Characterization of the Disruption of Intestine during Liver Tumor Progression in the xmrk Oncogene Transgenic Zebrafish Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Zebrafish Maintenance and Doxycycline Treatment
2.2. Sample Collection and Histological, Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL Assays
2.3. Imaging and Analysis of Histological, Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL Samples
2.4. RNA Extraction, Library Preparation and Sequencing
2.5. Bioinformatics Analysis of Sequencing Data
3. Results
3.1. Morphological and Cellular Disruption of Intestine in HCC Fish
3.2. Disruption of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Renewal in HCC Fish
3.3. Progressive Disruption of Intestine during Liver Tumor Progression
3.4. Transcriptomic Change of Intestine in HCC Fish
3.5. Comparison of xmrk Intestine with Human Intestinal Disease Conditions
3.6. Deregulation of Neutrophil-Related Genes and Intestinal-Function-Related Genes during HCC
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Pathway Name | NES | FDR q-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Extracellular Matrix Organization | EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_ORGANIZATION | 2.78 | 0 |
ECM_PROTEOGLYCANS | 2.62 | 0 | |
ELASTIC_FIBRE_FORMATION | 2.54 | 1.94 × 10–4 | |
MOLECULES_ASSOCIATED_WITH_ELASTIC_FIBRES | 2.39 | 4.60 × 10–4 | |
COLLAGEN_FORMATION | 1.92 | 3.33 × 10–2 | |
ASSEMBLY_OF_COLLAGEN_FIBRILS_AND_OTHER_MULTIMERIC_STRUCTURES | 2.02 | 2.12 × 10–2 | |
NON_INTEGRIN_MEMBRANE_ECM_INTERACTIONS | 2.46 | 2.33 × 10–4 | |
SYNDECAN_INTERACTIONS | 2.01 | 2.21 × 10–2 | |
ACTIVATION_OF_MATRIX_METALLOPROTEINASES | 2.43 | 2.04 × 10–4 | |
DEGRADATION_OF_THE_EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX | 2.37 | 5.83 × 10–4 | |
LAMININ_INTERACTIONS | 2.29 | 1.59 × 10–3 | |
INTEGRIN_CELL_SURFACE_INTERACTIONS | 2.28 | 1.78 × 10–3 | |
Hemostasis | PLATELET_AGGREGATION_PLUG_FORMATION | 2.53 | 1.55 × 10–4 |
RESPONSE_TO_ELEVATED_PLATELET_CYTOSOLIC_CA2 | 1.98 | 2.53 × 10–2 | |
CELL_SURFACE_INTERACTIONS_AT_THE_VASCULAR_WALL | 1.96 | 2.91 × 10–2 | |
FORMATION_OF_FIBRIN_CLOT_CLOTTING_CASCADE | 1.92 | 3.41 × 10–2 | |
Cell Cycle | CELL_CYCLE_CHECKPOINTS | –1.98 | 1.11 × 10–3 |
STABILIZATION_OF_P53 | –2.42 | 0 | |
G1_S_DNA_DAMAGE_CHECKPOINTS | –2.38 | 0 | |
G2_M_CHECKPOINTS | –2.30 | 4.83 × 10–5 | |
CELL_CYCLE_MITOTIC | –1.90 | 3.43 × 10–3 | |
MITOTIC_G1_PHASE_AND_G1_S_TRANSITION | –2.31 | 5.31 × 10–5 | |
S_PHASE | –2.28 | 4.25 × 10–5 | |
MITOTIC_G2_G2_M_PHASES | –1.83 | 6.75 × 10–3 | |
M_PHASE | –1.73 | 1.83 × 10–2 | |
MITOTIC_METAPHASE_AND_ANAPHASE | –1.76 | 1.42 × 10–2 | |
CHROMOSOME_MAINTENANCE | –1.96 | 1.32 × 10–3 | |
TELOMERE_MAINTENANCE | –1.91 | 2.70 × 10–3 | |
DNA Replication | DNA_REPLICATION | –2.33 | 5.90 × 10–5 |
DNA_REPLICATION_PRE_INITIATION | –2.39 | 0 | |
SYNTHESIS_OF_DNA | –2.37 | 0 | |
DNA_STRAND_ELONGATION | –2.20 | 3.03 × 10–5 | |
SWITCHING_OF_ORIGINS_TO_A_POST_REPLICATIVE_STATE | –2.11 | 1.94 × 10–4 | |
DNA Repair | DNA_REPAIR | –1.69 | 2.78 × 10–2 |
TRANSCRIPTION_COUPLED_NUCLEOTIDE_EXCISION_REPAIR_TC_NER | –1.67 | 3.13 × 10–2 | |
BASE_EXCISION_REPAIR | –1.80 | 9.68 × 10–3 | |
DNA_DOUBLE_STRAND_BREAK_REPAIR | –1.77 | 1.30 × 10–2 | |
HOMOLOGY_DIRECTED_REPAIR | –1.74 | 1.63 × 10–2 | |
DNA_DAMAGE_BYPASS | –1.80 | 9.04 × 10–3 | |
Transcription | RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION_TERMINATION | –1.74 | 1.64 × 10–2 |
REGULATION_OF_RUNX2_EXPRESSION_AND_ACTIVITY | –2.18 | 2.79 × 10–5 | |
REGULATION_OF_RUNX3_EXPRESSION_AND_ACTIVITY | –2.30 | 5.06 × 10–5 | |
RUNX1_REGULATES_TRANSCRIPTION_OF_GENES_INVOLVED_IN_DIFFERENTIATION_OF_HSCS | –2.04 | 5.20 × 10–4 | |
TP53_REGULATES_TRANSCRIPTION_OF_CELL_DEATH_GENES | –1.76 | 1.48 × 10–2 | |
GENE_SILENCING_BY_RNA | –1.66 | 3.18 × 10–2 | |
Metabolism of RNA | REGULATION_OF_MRNA_STABILITY_BY_PROTEINS_THAT_BIND_AU_RICH_ELEMENTS | –2.10 | 2.31 × 10–4 |
PROCESSING_OF_CAPPED_INTRON_CONTAINING_PRE_MRNA | –1.97 | 1.27 × 10–3 | |
MRNA_SPLICING | –1.93 | 2.04 × 10–3 | |
TRANSPORT_OF_MATURE_TRANSCRIPT_TO_CYTOPLASM | –1.83 | 6.69 × 10–3 | |
SNRNP_ASSEMBLY | –1.67 | 3.01 × 10–2 | |
Metabolism of Proteins | TRANSLATION | –1.84 | 6.77 × 10–3 |
MITOCHONDRIAL_TRANSLATION | –2.41 | 0 | |
DEUBIQUITINATION | –1.83 | 6.67 × 10–3 | |
NEDDYLATION | –1.75 | 1.64 × 10–2 | |
ASPARAGINE_N_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION | –1.61 | 4.66 × 10–2 | |
Immune System | COMPLEMENT_CASCADE | 1.96 | 2.87 × 10–2 |
INITIAL_TRIGGERING_OF_COMPLEMENT | 2.02 | 2.15 × 10–2 | |
TNFR2_NON_CANONICAL_NF_KB_PATHWAY | –2.29 | 4.42 × 10–5 | |
INTERLEUKIN_1_SIGNALING | –2.22 | 3.32 × 10–5 | |
INTERLEUKIN_12_FAMILY_SIGNALING | –1.72 | 2.10 × 10–2 | |
C_TYPE_LECTIN_RECEPTORS_CLRS | –2.08 | 2.55 × 10–4 | |
FC_EPSILON_RECEPTOR_FCERI_SIGNALING | –2.12 | 1.98 × 10–4 | |
DDX58_IFIH1_MEDIATED_INDUCTION_OF_INTERFERON_ALPHA_BETA | –1.67 | 3.15 × 10–2 | |
ROS_AND_RNS_PRODUCTION_IN_PHAGOCYTES | –1.66 | 3.30 × 10–2 | |
SIGNALING_BY_THE_B_CELL_RECEPTOR_BCR | –2.23 | 3.43 × 10–5 | |
CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_PRESENTATION | –1.66 | 3.31 × 10–2 | |
Metabolism | CHOLESTEROL_BIOSYNTHESIS | 2.56 | 2.59 × 10–4 |
BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS | 1.90 | 3.71 × 10–2 | |
METABOLISM_OF_POLYAMINES | –2.28 | 4.08 × 10–5 | |
METABOLISM_OF_COFACTORS | –1.84 | 6.70 × 10–3 | |
THE_CITRIC_ACID_TCA_CYCLE_AND_RESPIRATORY_ELECTRON_TRANSPORT | –1.72 | 2.12 × 10–2 | |
RESPIRATORY_ELECTRON_TRANSPORT | –1.95 | 1.75 × 10–3 | |
COMPLEX_I_BIOGENESIS | –1.78 | 1.15 × 10–2 | |
CITRIC_ACID_CYCLE_TCA_CYCLE | –1.62 | 4.30 × 10–2 | |
Protein Localization, Transport of Small Molecules | PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION | –1.81 | 8.57 × 10–3 |
MITOCHONDRIAL_PROTEIN_IMPORT | –2.08 | 2.64 × 10–4 | |
ABC_FAMILY_PROTEINS_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT | –2.12 | 2.02 × 10–4 | |
PLASMA_LIPOPROTEIN_CLEARANCE | –1.63 | 4.09 × 10–2 | |
Cellular Responses to Stimuli | CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_HYPOXIA | –2.48 | 0 |
HSP90_CHAPERONE_CYCLE_FOR_STEROID_HORMONE_RECEPTORS_SHR_IN_THE_PRESENCE_OF_LIGAND | –1.86 | 4.85 × 10–3 | |
CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_CHEMICAL_STRESS | –1.83 | 7.10 × 10–3 | |
HSF1_ACTIVATION | –1.68 | 2.93 × 10–2 | |
ATTENUATION_PHASE | –1.60 | 4.95 × 10–2 | |
Signal Transduction | GPCR_LIGAND_BINDING | 2.35 | 8.28 × 10–4 |
CLASS_A_1_RHODOPSIN_LIKE_RECEPTORS | 2.48 | 2.72 × 10–4 | |
PEPTIDE_LIGAND_BINDING_RECEPTORS | 2.28 | 1.80 × 10–3 | |
MET_PROMOTES_CELL_MOTILITY | 2.26 | 2.11 × 10–3 | |
INTEGRIN_SIGNALING | 2.25 | 2.18 × 10–3 | |
DEGRADATION_OF_AXIN | –2.40 | 0 | |
BETA_CATENIN_INDEPENDENT_WNT_SIGNALING | –2.03 | 5.47 × 10–4 | |
DEGRADATION_OF_BETA_CATENIN_BY_THE_DESTRUCTION_COMPLEX | –2.16 | 1.08 × 10–4 | |
DEGRADATION_OF_DVL | –2.39 | 0 | |
SIGNALING_BY_HEDGEHOG | –1.91 | 2.82 × 10–3 | |
HEDGEHOG_LIGAND_BIOGENESIS | –2.39 | 0 | |
SIGNALING_BY_NOTCH4 | –2.07 | 3.58 × 10–4 | |
MAPK6_MAPK4_SIGNALING | –2.14 | 1.29 × 10–4 | |
REGULATION_OF_RAS_BY_GAPS | –2.27 | 3.79 × 10–5 | |
REGULATION_OF_PTEN_STABILITY_AND_ACTIVITY | –2.22 | 3.22 × 10–5 |
GEO/TCGA Acession | Human Intestine Dataset | Enriched Genes in xmrk Intestine | |
---|---|---|---|
NES | FDR p-Value | ||
GSE165512 | Ulcerative colitis, colon | 2.2856 | <0.001 |
GSE165512 | Crohn’s disease, colon | 2.2315 | <0.001 |
GSE165512 | Crohn’s disease, ileum | 0.6574 | 0.644 |
TCGA-COAD | Colon adenocarcinoma | –1.4089 | <0.001 |
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Li, Y.; Lee, A.Q.; Lu, Z.; Sun, Y.; Lu, J.-W.; Ren, Z.; Zhang, N.; Liu, D.; Gong, Z. Systematic Characterization of the Disruption of Intestine during Liver Tumor Progression in the xmrk Oncogene Transgenic Zebrafish Model. Cells 2022, 11, 1810. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111810
Li Y, Lee AQ, Lu Z, Sun Y, Lu J-W, Ren Z, Zhang N, Liu D, Gong Z. Systematic Characterization of the Disruption of Intestine during Liver Tumor Progression in the xmrk Oncogene Transgenic Zebrafish Model. Cells. 2022; 11(11):1810. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111810
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yan, Ai Qi Lee, Zhiyuan Lu, Yuxi Sun, Jeng-Wei Lu, Ziheng Ren, Na Zhang, Dong Liu, and Zhiyuan Gong. 2022. "Systematic Characterization of the Disruption of Intestine during Liver Tumor Progression in the xmrk Oncogene Transgenic Zebrafish Model" Cells 11, no. 11: 1810. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111810