Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate

Jevtić, Radivoje; Župunski, Vesna; Brbaklić, Ljiljana; Živančev, Dragan; Dolapčev Rakić, Anja; Aćin, Vladimir; Mikić, Sanja; Orbović, Branka

doi:10.3390/agronomy15061349

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Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate

by

Radivoje Jevtić

^*

,

Vesna Župunski

,

Ljiljana Brbaklić

,

Dragan Živančev

,

Anja Dolapčev Rakić

,

Vladimir Aćin

,

Sanja Mikić

and

Branka Orbović

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Agronomy 2025, 15(6), 1349; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061349 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 8 May 2025 / Revised: 25 May 2025 / Accepted: 28 May 2025 / Published: 30 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Intercropping Systems in Sustainable Agriculture—2nd Edition)

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Abstract

The limited understanding of the factors that influence intercrop component performance continues to constrain the widespread adoption of intercropping systems. This study examined the relationships between dry yield, yield components, thousand kernel weight (TKW), hectoliter weight (HLW), and crude protein content in spring oat and hull-less barley using principal component analysis with mix data (PCA mix), general linear modeling (GLM), and regression analysis. Results showed that the total intercropping yield of spring oat and pea can match that of oat pure stands. Year, cropping system, and their interaction had significant effects on total dry yield (p < 0.001). Spring oat showed more stable seed quality across years and cultivation systems but had lower crude protein content, TKW, and HLW compared to hull-less barley. TKW and crude protein content were significantly influenced by year, crop species, and their interactions (p < 0.001), as well as cultivation practice*year interaction (p < 0.001), while cultivation practice had no significant effect on HLW (p = 0.904). A stronger negative correlation between dry yield and crude protein was observed in hull-less barley (R² > 57.8%) than in oat (R² < 13.9%), indicating higher protein yield trade-offs in barley. The dry yield–TKW relationship was negative in barley, reaching an R² of 52% in 2023, but it was positive in oat (R² = 26.6% in 2023; 28% in 2024), confirming crop-specific physiological responses under the same agro-ecological conditions.

Keywords: spring oat; spring hull-less barley; yield; crude protein; TKW; HLW; yield components; intercropping

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jevtić, R.; Župunski, V.; Brbaklić, L.; Živančev, D.; Dolapčev Rakić, A.; Aćin, V.; Mikić, S.; Orbović, B. Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate. Agronomy 2025, 15, 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061349

AMA Style

Jevtić R, Župunski V, Brbaklić L, Živančev D, Dolapčev Rakić A, Aćin V, Mikić S, Orbović B. Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate. Agronomy. 2025; 15(6):1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061349

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jevtić, Radivoje, Vesna Župunski, Ljiljana Brbaklić, Dragan Živančev, Anja Dolapčev Rakić, Vladimir Aćin, Sanja Mikić, and Branka Orbović. 2025. "Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate" Agronomy 15, no. 6: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061349

APA Style

Jevtić, R., Župunski, V., Brbaklić, L., Živančev, D., Dolapčev Rakić, A., Aćin, V., Mikić, S., & Orbović, B. (2025). Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate. Agronomy, 15(6), 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15061349

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Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate

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