Combining Ability of Early-Maturing Yellow Maize Inbreds under Combined Drought and Heat Stress and Well-Watered Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Genetic Materials and Generation of Diallel Crosses
2.2. Field Evaluations
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Analyses of Variance and Combining Ability Estimates of Grain Yield and Other Traits
3.2. Performance and Stability of the Single Cross Hybrids across Different Environments
3.3. Selection of the Best Hybrids under Drought Using the Base Index
3.4. Stepwise Multiple Regression and Sequential Path Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Entries | Origin | Pedigree | Reaction to Drought Stress |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ENT 4 | CIMMYT | [[KILIMA ST94A]-30/MSV-03-2-10-B-1-B-B-xP84c1 F26-2-2-6-B-3-B] F17-1-2-1-1 × P43C9-1-1-1-1-1-BBBB-1-Xp | Tolerant |
2 | ENT 13 | CIMMYT | [M37W/ZM607#bF37sr-2-3sr-6- … 1-B × CML486]-1 | Tolerant |
3 | ENT 15 | CIMMYT | CLA149 | Tolerant |
4 | ENT 17 | CIMMYT | [(87036/87923)-X-800-3-1-X-1-B-B-1-1-1 | Tolerant |
5 | TZEI 14 | IITA | TZE Comp5-Y C6 S6 Inbred 21 | Tolerant |
6 | TZEI 16 | IITA | TZE Comp5-Y C6 S6 Inbred 31 | Tolerant |
7 | TZEI 129 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 16-1-3 | Susceptible |
8 | TZEI 23 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR C0 S6 Inbred 62-2-3 | Tolerant |
9 | TZEI 124 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 3-1-3 | Susceptible |
10 | TZEI 135 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 17-2-3 | Tolerant |
11 | TZEI 157 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 102-1-2 | Tolerant |
12 | TZEI 161 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 103-2-3 | Tolerant |
13 | TZEI 167 | IITA | TZE Comp5-Y C6 S6 Inbred 13 | Susceptible |
14 | TZEI 160 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 102-2-3 | Tolerant |
15 | TZEI 182 | IITA | TZE-Y Pop STR Co S6 Inbred 152-2-2 | Tolerant |
Source of Variation | DF | Grain Yield (kg ha−1) | Days to Anthesis | Days to Silking | Anthesis-Silking Interval | Plant Height (cm) | Ear Height (cm) | Plant Aspect | Ear Aspect | Ears per Plant | Husk Cover | Stay Green Characteristic (100 DAP) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combined drought and heat stress environments | ||||||||||||
Env † | 2 | 33,974,256 ** | 1732.5 ** | 4016.7 ** | 675.5 ** | 4418 ** | 376 * | 2.5 * | 0.7 ns | 4.80 ** | 18.3 ** | 106.3 ** |
Rep (Env) | 3 | 6,374,226 ** | 17.1 * | 153.9 ** | 169.9 ** | 1633 ** | 591 ** | 3.8 ** | 6.8 ** | 0.09 ns | 0.8 ** | 4.3 ** |
Block (Rep × Env) | 60 | 1,415,603 ** | 8.8 * | 22.5 ** | 14.5 * | 572.9 ** | 254 ** | 1.4 ** | 1.1 ** | 0.06 ns | 0.2 ns | 3.2 ** |
Hybrids | 104 | 1,388,241 ** | 46.4 ** | 65.4 ** | 21.7 ** | 594 ** | 352 ** | 1.4 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.09 ** | 0.7 ** | 2.8 ** |
GCA | 14 | 4,439,140 ** | 246.3 ** | 342.4 ** | 79.0 ** | 2192 ** | 1262 ** | 2.7 ** | 2.5 ** | 0.26 ** | 3.0 ** | 11.4 ** |
SCA | 90 | 913,656 ** | 15.3 ** | 22.3 ** | 12.8 ** | 346 ** | 210 ** | 1.2 ** | 0.6 ** | 0.07 ns | 0.3 ** | 1.5 * |
Env × Hybrids | 208 | 620,636 ns | 6.9 ** | 14.4 ns | 11.3 * | 207 ns | 87 ns | 0.7 ns | 0.5 * | 0.07 ** | 0.3 ** | 1.4 * |
Env × GCA | 28 | 1,456,065 ** | 12.6 ** | 26.8 ** | 23.3 ** | 323 * | 160 * | 0.9 ns | 0.9 ** | 0.10 ** | 0.5 ** | 2.4 ** |
Env × SCA | 180 | 490,680 ns | 6.0 ns | 12.5 ns | 9.5 ns | 189 ns | 76 ns | 0.6 ns | 0.4 ns | 0.07 ns | 0.2 * | 1.3 ns |
Residual | 312 | 531,587 | 5.0 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 206 | 91 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 1.1 |
Well-watered environments | ||||||||||||
Env | 3 | 120,650,005 ** | 31,206.0 ** | 29,741.4 ** | 76.5 ** | 49,811 ** | 74,953 ** | 8.2 ** | 20.4 ** | 6.26 ** | 9.2 ** | |
Rep (Env) | 4 | 7,391,247 ** | 24.8 ** | 34.4 ** | 3.1 ns | 1325 ** | 674 ** | 0.7 ns | 1.4 ** | 0.07 * | 0.4 * | |
Block (Rep × Env) | 80 | 1,880,461 ** | 3.3 ns | 4.1 ns | 1.7 ns | 137 ns | 83 ns | 0.5 * | 0.02 ns | 0.30 * | 0.2 ns | |
Hybrids | 104 | 5,555,332 ** | 28.1 ** | 40.7 ** | 5.4 ** | 1570 ** | 490 ** | 1.7 ** | 1.6 ** | 0.07 ** | 0.9 ** | |
GCA | 14 | 16,217,668 ** | 148.9 ** | 241.1 ** | 27.9 ** | 9041 ** | 2379 ** | 6.1 ** | 6.6 ** | 5.25 ** | 3.2 ** | |
SCA | 90 | 3,896,747 ** | 9.4 ** | 9.5 ** | 1.9 ** | 408 ** | 196 ** | 1.0 ** | 0.9 ** | 0.06 ** | 0.5 ** | |
Env × Hybrids | 312 | 1,296,562 ** | 4.0 ** | 5.9 ** | 3.0 ** | 183 ** | 95 ** | 0.5 ** | 0.3 ** | 0.04 ** | 0.2 ** | |
Env × GCA | 42 | 3,049,903 ** | 10.9 ** | 17.6 ** | 8.2 ** | 273 ** | 254 ** | 1.1 ** | 0.6 ** | 0.04 ** | 0.5 ** | |
Env × SCA | 270 | 1,023,820 * | 2.9 ns | 4.0 * | 2.2 * | 169 * | 70 ns | 0.4 ns | 0.2 * | 0.02 ** | 0.1 ns | |
Residual | 416 | 804,728 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 139 | 64 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.1 |
Inbreds | Grain Yield (kg/ha) | Days to Silking | Plant Height | Plant Aspect | Ears per Plant | Stay Green Characteristic (100 DAP) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | CDHS | |
TZEI 160 | −49 ns | 114 ns | −1.9 ns | −2.4 ** | −12 ** | −4.4 ** | 0.2 * | −0.07 ns | 0.04 ns | 0.04 ns | −0.05 ns |
TZEI 129 | 517 ** | 30 ns | −0.4 ns | −0.1 ns | 14 ** | 7.5 ** | −0.1 * | 0.03 ns | −0.01 ns | 0.08 * | −0.14 ns |
ENT 15 | −109 ns | −286 ** | 1.6 ns | 2.2 ** | 5 * | 0.1 ns | 0.1 ns | 0.24 ** | −0.03 ns | −0.07 * | 1.15 ** |
ENT 17 | 37 ns | −65 ns | 0.7 ns | 1.3 * | 4 ns | −2.5 ns | 0.1 ns | −0.02 ns | 0.06 ** | −0.02 ns | 0.23 ns |
TZEI 182 | −446 ** | 333 ** | −1.2 ns | −2.6 ** | −8 ** | 0.3 ns | 0.2 ** | −0.20 * | −0.01 ns | 0.07 * | −0.86 ** |
TZEI 167 | −270 * | −122 ns | 1.4 ns | 1.3 * | −5 ** | −4.4 ** | −0.1 ns | 0.06 ns | −0.05 * | 0.00 ns | 0.03 ns |
TZEI 14 | −830 ** | −210 * | 2.6 * | 3.0 ** | −9 ** | −8.3 ** | 0.2 ** | 0.16 ns | −0.02 ns | −0.06 * | −0.15 ns |
TZEI 124 | 612 ** | −320 ** | −0.3 ns | 1.4 * | 11 ** | 9.7 ** | −0.6 ** | 0.04 ns | −0.02 ns | −0.12 ** | 0.92 ** |
TZEI 16 | −121 ns | −202 * | 2.0 ns | 2.0 ** | 3 ns | −0.7 ns | 0.1 ns | −0.03 ns | 0.08 ** | 0.03 ns | −0.04 ns |
ENT 4 | −96 ns | −253 ** | 1.0 ns | 2.1 ** | 3 ns | −0.4 ns | 0.1 * | 0.31 ** | −0.01 ns | −0.04 ns | 0.63 ** |
TZEI 161 | 59 ns | 222 * | −1.8 ns | −2.4 ** | −7 ** | −0.4 ns | 0.1 * | −0.01 ns | 0.00 ns | −0.02 ns | −0.38 * |
TZEI 23 | −168 ns | 151 ns | −2.5 * | −3.3 ** | −18 ** | −8.4 ** | 0.2 ** | −0.06 ns | 0.01 ns | 0.04 ns | −0.26 ns |
ENT 13 | 693 ** | 472 ** | 0.0 ns | −0.8 ns | 13 ** | 6.2 ** | −0.4 ** | −0.47 ** | −0.01 ns | 0.07 * | −0.74 ** |
TZEI 135 | −0.1 ns | −20 ns | −0.5 ns | 0.1 ns | 5 ** | 2.2 ns | 0.1 ns | 0.13 ns | −0.01 ns | 0.00 ns | −0.19 ns |
TZEI 157 | 172 ns | 157 ns | −0.8 ns | −1.9 ** | 3 ns | 3.7 * | −0.2 * | −0.10 ns | −0.02 ns | 0.03 ns | −0.14 ns |
SE ± | 43 | 34 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
Hybrids | Grain Yield (Kg/ha) | Days to Silking | Anthesis-Silkiing Interval | Plant Height (cm) | Plant Aspect | Ears per Plant | Ear Aspect | Stay Green Characteristic (100 DAP) | Base Index | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | WW | CDHS | CDHS | ||
TZEI 182 × ENT 13 | 5416 | 2753 | 58 | 72 | 1 | 5 | 189 | 158 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 6.0 | 5.1 |
TZEI 160 × TZEI 157 | 5708 | 2570 | 57 | 72 | 1 | 5 | 182 | 157 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 6.7 | 4.4 |
ENT 13 × TZEI 157 | 5454 | 2560 | 60 | 75 | 1 | 6 | 195 | 161 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 5.5 | 4.4 |
TZEI 161 × ENT 13 | 4854 | 2383 | 57 | 73 | 0 | 4 | 182 | 150 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 3.9 |
TZEQI 82 × TZEQI 93 (Chk) | 3792 | 2309 | 65 | 78 | 2 | 4 | 175 | 147 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 3.8 |
TZEI 160 × ENT 13 | 5190 | 2222 | 57 | 73 | −1 | 5 | 172 | 149 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 3.8 |
TZEI 129 × ENT 17 | 5141 | 2399 | 60 | 75 | 1 | 4 | 191 | 156 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 6.2 | 3.8 |
TZEI 124 × ENT 13 | 6584 | 1993 | 58 | 77 | 1 | 5 | 194 | 164 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 3.5 |
TZEI 129 × TZEI 182 | 4915 | 2216 | 58 | 77 | 1 | 6 | 176 | 144 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 3.5 |
TZEI 182 × TZEI 161 | 4045 | 2401 | 58 | 71 | 2 | 4 | 166 | 145 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 3.5 |
TZEI 124 × TZEI 23 | 5806 | 1897 | 56 | 70 | 1 | 5 | 170 | 151 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 6.3 | 3.4 |
TZEI 23 × TZEI 13 (Chk) | 5063 | 1992 | 59 | 76 | 1 | 4 | 168 | 134 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 2.3 |
TZEI 16 × TZEI 8 (Chk) | 4423 | 2008 | 59 | 76 | 1 | 7 | 156 | 135 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 1.4 |
TZEI 9 × TZEI 16 (Chk) | 4981 | 1835 | 59 | 76 | 1 | 7 | 164 | 144 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 7.0 | 0.2 |
P3 Kolo (Chk) | 4690 | 1439 | 55 | 70 | 1 | 6 | 172 | 156 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 6.8 | −1.7 |
ENT 15 × TZEI 167 | 4354 | 1069 | 64 | 82 | 3 | 9 | 175 | 137 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 7.3 | −3.8 |
TZEI 167 × TZEI 124 | 5149 | 1200 | 61 | 79 | 1 | 11 | 193 | 153 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 7.8 | −4.0 |
ENT 15 × ENT 17 | 4043 | 984 | 61 | 82 | 1 | 8 | 183 | 139 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 7.5 | −4.4 |
TZEI 167 × ENT 4 | 3996 | 952 | 82 | 3 | 8 | 174 | 138 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 4.4 | 7.7 | −4.5 | |
ENT 15 × ENT 4 | 2021 | 594 | 66 | 84 | 2 | 7 | 167 | 131 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 7.2 | −4.8 |
TZEI 124 × TZEI 135 | 4634 | 949 | 60 | 81 | 2 | 10 | 187 | 154 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 7.2 | −5.0 |
ENT 15 × TZEI 14 | 4020 | 849 | 63 | 83 | 3 | 9 | 177 | 137 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 7.2 | −5.1 |
ENT 17 × TZEI 124 | 4859 | 721 | 60 | 84 | 1 | 10 | 190 | 142 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 7.8 | −6.1 |
ENT 15 × TZEI 124 | 5290 | 736 | 61 | 83 | 3 | 12 | 189 | 156 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 7.7 | −6.5 |
TZEI 124 × ENT 4 | 5097 | 649 | 60 | 82 | 2 | 14 | 182 | 154 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 7.3 | −6.7 |
Grand mean | 4571 | 1684 | 60 | 76 | 1 | 7 | 174 | 145 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 6.5 | |
* LSD | 865 | 775 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 12 | 15 | 0.50 | 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.70 | 1.10 |
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Nasser, L.M.; Badu-Apraku, B.; Gracen, V.E.; Mafouasson, H.N.A. Combining Ability of Early-Maturing Yellow Maize Inbreds under Combined Drought and Heat Stress and Well-Watered Environments. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101585
Nasser LM, Badu-Apraku B, Gracen VE, Mafouasson HNA. Combining Ability of Early-Maturing Yellow Maize Inbreds under Combined Drought and Heat Stress and Well-Watered Environments. Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101585
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser, Laouali M., Baffour Badu-Apraku, Vernon E. Gracen, and Hortense N. A. Mafouasson. 2020. "Combining Ability of Early-Maturing Yellow Maize Inbreds under Combined Drought and Heat Stress and Well-Watered Environments" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101585