Color-Dependent Polymerization: The Impact of Curing Time on the Conversion Degree and Microhardness of Colored Compomers
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Determination of Degree of Conversion
2.3. Determination of Microhardness
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. DC Results
3.2. Microhardness Results
3.3. Relationship Between DC and Microhardness Values
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DC | Degree of conversion |
FTIR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
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Material | Color | Manufacturer | Ingredients |
---|---|---|---|
Twinky Star | Berry Lemon Green Silver Blue Pink Gold Orange | Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany | Ba-AI-Str-fluorosilicate glass, silicon dioxide, Bis-GMA, UDMA, carboxylic acid modified methacrylate, kamforkinon, BHT |
Glasiosite | A2 | Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany | UDMA, Bis-GMA mixture of diff. dimethacrylates, glass ceramics, silicates, initiators |
Color | n | Median (Min–Max) | Test Statistic | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Berry | 9 | 37.5 (23.0–54.9) de | H(8) = 31.19 | p < 0.05 |
Blue | 9 | 39.8 (37.1–69.4) cd | ||
Gold | 9 | 43.4 (33.2–62.3) bc | ||
Green | 9 | 32.1 (26.5–46.9) e | ||
Lemon | 9 | 38.0 (28.8–67.5) cd | ||
Orange | 9 | 44.3 (36.0–89.6) ab | ||
Pink | 9 | 36.5 (34.9–54.0) d | ||
Silver | 9 | 42.4 (13.4–49.5) bc | ||
Control | 9 | 71.7 (62.5–76.7) a |
Curing Time | n | Mean ± SD | Test Statistic | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 s | 27 | 47.8 ± 18.4 ac | F(2) = 5.93 | p < 0.05 |
10 s | 27 | 40.2 ± 9.9 b | ||
20 s | 27 | 47.5 ± 11.9 c |
Color | 3 s (Mean ± SE) | 10 s (Mean ± SE) | 20 s (Mean ± SE) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Berry | 31.4 ± 4.36 e,B | 36.4 ± 0.68 de,AB | 45.8 ± 4.54 cd,A | 0.018 |
Blue | 40.0 ± 0.26 de,AB | 37.7 ± 0.30 e,B | 53.4 ± 8.15 abc,A | 0.042 |
Gold | 46.3 ± 8.51 bcd,A | 43.3 ± 0.07 cd,A | 44.1 ± 0.88 cd,A | >0.05 |
Green | 32.3 ± 0.57 e,A | 32.9 ± 2.18 e,A | 34.8 ± 6.19 e,A | >0.05 |
Lemon | 60.1 ± 3.75 ab,A | 34.3 ± 2.80 e,B | 37.8 ± 0.31 de,B | 0.012 |
Orange | 73.1 ± 8.58 a,A | 36.3 ± 0.16 e,B | 43.6 ± 1.73 cd,B | <0.05 |
Pink | 37.4 ± 1.16 de,B | 35.1 ± 0.11 e,B | 50.2 ± 2.07 abc,A | <0.05 |
Silver | 35.2 ± 10.88 e,B | 39.7 ± 0.90 de,AB | 45.7 ± 2.08 cd,A | 0.049 |
Control | 74.3 ± 1.19 a,A | 65.8 ± 2.48 a,B | 72.5 ± 0.86 a,A | <0.05 |
p-Value | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
Color | n | Median (Min–Max) | Test Statistic | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Berry | 9 | 70.8 (66.6–136.1] c | H(8) = 10.8 | <0.001 |
Blue | 9 | 77.5 (35.3–112.2] bc | ||
Gold | 9 | 83.5 (31.2–261.6] bc | ||
Green | 9 | 79.5 (40.6–115.8] bc | ||
Lemon | 9 | 73.5 (59.8–88.6] c | ||
Orange | 9 | 74.0 (51.0–152.6] bc | ||
Pink | 9 | 77.2 (74.9–134.0] ab | ||
Silver | 9 | 92.6 (71.9–166.8] a | ||
Control | 9 | 94.9 (70.5–199.7] a |
Curing Time | n | Mean ± SD | Test Statistic (ANOVA) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 s | 27 | 87.1 ± 28.4 ab | F(2) = 3.42 | 0.042 * |
10 s | 27 | 83.3 ± 36.9 a | ||
20 s | 27 | 93.5 ± 48.2 b |
Color | 3 s (Mean ± SE) | 10 s (Mean ± SE) | 20 s (Mean ± SE) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Berry | 83.8 ± 16.8 cd,A | 92.5 ± 34.6 ab,A | 78.1 ± 15.1 bc,A | 0.451 |
Blue | 82.3 ± 33.0 cd,AB | 53.7 ± 21.2 e,B | 85.9 ± 21.1 abc,A | 0.024 |
Gold | 65.5 ± 26.4 d,A | 72.3 ± 13.3 cd,A | 130.3 ± 113.1 a,A | 0.089 |
Green | 81.5 ± 24.2 cd,AB | 59.6 ± 23.5 de,B | 97.0 ± 18.2 ab,A | 0.020 |
Lemon | 81.8 ± 8.0 cd,A | 66.2 ± 6.8 de,B | 78.1 ± 8.8 c,AB | 0.004 |
Orange | 103.2 ± 39.6 abc,A | 77.4 ± 28.2 bc,B | 95.7 ± 47.0 ab,AB | 0.210 |
Pink | 134.0 ± 0.0 a,A | 98.7 ± 0.0 ab,B | 74.9 ± 0.0 c,C | 0.001 |
Silver | 96.9 ± 21.3 bc,A | 102.0 ± 18.2 a,A | 107.3 ± 44.6 a,A | 0.678 |
Control | 126.5 ± 23.3 ab,A | 126.8 ± 57.4 a,A | 81.6 ± 12.5 abc,A | 0.123 |
p-Value | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.05 |
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Dorterler, O.C.; Yilmaz, F.; Tokul Olmez, O. Color-Dependent Polymerization: The Impact of Curing Time on the Conversion Degree and Microhardness of Colored Compomers. Polymers 2025, 17, 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152155
Dorterler OC, Yilmaz F, Tokul Olmez O. Color-Dependent Polymerization: The Impact of Curing Time on the Conversion Degree and Microhardness of Colored Compomers. Polymers. 2025; 17(15):2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152155
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorterler, Ozgul Carti, Fatma Yilmaz, and Ozge Tokul Olmez. 2025. "Color-Dependent Polymerization: The Impact of Curing Time on the Conversion Degree and Microhardness of Colored Compomers" Polymers 17, no. 15: 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152155
APA StyleDorterler, O. C., Yilmaz, F., & Tokul Olmez, O. (2025). Color-Dependent Polymerization: The Impact of Curing Time on the Conversion Degree and Microhardness of Colored Compomers. Polymers, 17(15), 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152155