Adsorption Behavior of Methylene Blue Cationic Dye in Aqueous Solution Using Polypyrrole-Polyethylenimine Nano-Adsorbent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Polypyrrole and Polypyrrole-Polyethyleneimine Synthesis
2.3. Characterization of PPy Nano-Adsorbents
2.3.1. Surface Analysis
2.3.2. Thermal Property Measurement
2.3.3. Gel Permeation Chromatography
2.3.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.3.5. Morphological Analysis
2.4. Batch Adsorption
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical Characteristics of PPy-PEI
3.2. Thermal Analysis
3.2.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
3.2.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.3. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
3.4. Effect of Adsorbent Doses
3.5. Impact of Initial pH
3.6. Impact of Contact Time
3.7. Impact of the Temperature
3.8. Adsorption Isotherm
3.9. Adsorption Kinetics
3.10. Reusability and Regeneration of the Methylene Blue Adsorbent
4. Comparative Profile with Previous Literature
5. Conclusions and Future Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isotherm Model | Parameter | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
20 °C | 40 °C | 60 °C | ||
Langmuir | qm (mg/g) | 183.3 | 146.5 | 131.4 |
kL (L/g) | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.22 | |
RL | 0.062 | 0.11 | 0.11 | |
R2 | 0.994 | 0.886 | 0.929 | |
Freundlich | KF (L/g) | 112.0 | 77.0 | 70.1 |
N | 8.80 | 6.68 | 6.69 | |
R2 | 0.897 | 0.845 | 0.800 | |
Temkin | A | 0.063 | 0.192 | 0.228 |
B | 2.830 | 2.153 | 2.473 | |
R2 | 0.754 | 0.671 | 0.725 |
C0 (mg/L) | Qe Exp (mg/g) | First-Order Kinetic Model | Second-Order Kinetic Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qe Cal (mg/g) | k1 | R2 | Qe Cal (mg/g) | k2 | R2 | ||
10 | 9.6 | 32.30 | 0.069 | 0.984 | 64.80 | 0.0421 | 0.997 |
20 | 19.5 | 95.02 | 0.044 | 0.903 | 100.30 | 0.0475 | 1.00 |
30 | 29.4 | 50.64 | 0.056 | 0.987 | 145.94 | 0.0972 | 0.999 |
40 | 38.9 | 17.69 | 0.060 | 0.865 | 172.88 | 0.3400 | 0.995 |
Type of Adsorbents | Type of Dyes | Experimental Conditions | Adsorption Capacity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Polypyrrole/zeolite (PPy/Ze) | Reactive blue (RB) and reactive red (RR) | (pH 9, initial RR or RB concentration, 75 mg/L; PPy/Ze dose, 1.8 g/L; and temperature, 50 °C). | Qmax (mg/g) 122.32(RB) 116.53(RR) | [60] |
Sodium alginate/polypyrrole | Methylene blue | temperature (25 °C), contact time, initial pH (7), adsorbent dosage (1–5 g/L), dye concentrations (10–50 mg/L). | 217.4/666.7 mg/g | [63] |
Polypyrrole/sugarcane bagasse, (PPy/SB) | Acid black-234 (AB-234) | pH 3; contact time about 60 min; dose 0.05 g; initial conc. 10 mg/L | 100 mg/g | [64] |
Polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole (PAN/PPy) | Yellow dye. | 80 °C, 3 h, 30 mg/L | 59.63 mg/g | [61] |
Polypyrrole/nanosilica composite | Acid orange 7 (AO7) | 1 g/L, contact time 90 min, Initial AO7 concentration 10 mg/L, shaking speed = 200 rpm and temperature 328 K and pH = 3) | 181.4 mg/g. | [59] |
Polypyrrole-coated cotton textile | Methylene blue dye | 3.9 mg/L, 45 °C, pH 7400 min, | 3.30 mg/g | [43] |
Polypyrrole/coffee grounds waste | Rhodamine B dye | 200 mg/L, pH 9, 120 min, 25 °C and 125 mg dose | 50.59 mg of dye/g | [62] |
Polypyrrole nanostructures | Reactive black 5 | Dosage 0.2 gm, pH 9 and adsorption time 60 min, Temp 650 °C | 100 mg/g | [65] |
Polypyrrole | Congo red | Volume of the solution: 150 mL; Initial concentration: 20 mg/L; pH: pH6.55;. Adsorbent dosage: 1.73 g/L. Temperature: 25 °C. | 11.53 mg/g | [66] |
PPy-PEI nano-adsorbents | Methylene Blue | pH of 6.2; contact time 40 min at room temperature; dose 0.4 g | 183 mg/g | Present study |
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Birniwa, A.H.; Mahmud, H.N.M.E.; Abdullahi, S.S.; Habibu, S.; Jagaba, A.H.; Ibrahim, M.N.M.; Ahmad, A.; Alshammari, M.B.; Parveen, T.; Umar, K. Adsorption Behavior of Methylene Blue Cationic Dye in Aqueous Solution Using Polypyrrole-Polyethylenimine Nano-Adsorbent. Polymers 2022, 14, 3362. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14163362
Birniwa AH, Mahmud HNME, Abdullahi SS, Habibu S, Jagaba AH, Ibrahim MNM, Ahmad A, Alshammari MB, Parveen T, Umar K. Adsorption Behavior of Methylene Blue Cationic Dye in Aqueous Solution Using Polypyrrole-Polyethylenimine Nano-Adsorbent. Polymers. 2022; 14(16):3362. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14163362
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirniwa, Abdullahi Haruna, Habibun Nabi Muhammad Ekramul Mahmud, Shehu Sa’ad Abdullahi, Shehu Habibu, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Akil Ahmad, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Tabassum Parveen, and Khalid Umar. 2022. "Adsorption Behavior of Methylene Blue Cationic Dye in Aqueous Solution Using Polypyrrole-Polyethylenimine Nano-Adsorbent" Polymers 14, no. 16: 3362. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14163362