Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fluorination Protocol
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation
2.3. Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. FTIR-ATR Investigation
3. Results
3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2. Atomic Force Microscopy
3.3. Statistical Analysis Results
3.4. FTIR-ATR
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds of the First Solution | Compounds of the Second Solution |
---|---|
Copper hexafluorosilicate (CuF6Si) | Dispersed calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) |
Magnesium hexafluorosilicate (F18Mg16Na10O66Si27) | |
Sodium fluoride (NaF) | Methylcellulose |
Distilled water | Distilled water |
Ra | Rq | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | (95% CI) | p | B | (95% CI) | p | |
(Intercept) | 2.27 | 2.19 | <0.001 | 2.38 | 2.30 | <0.001 |
Lot (F vs. C) | −0.02 | (−0.1–0.05) | 0.562 | −0.05 | (−0.14–0.04) | 0.262 |
Lot (I vs. C) | −0.15 | (−0.23–−0.08) | <0.001 | −0.19 | (−0.29–−0.1) | <0.001 |
Set (nano vs. micro) | −0.76 | (−0.83–−0.69) | <0.001 | −0.74 | (−0.82–−0.67) | <0.001 |
Fluoride (yes vs. no) | −0.23 | (−0.32–−0.14) | <0.001 | −0.2 | (−0.3–−0.1) | <0.001 |
LASER (yes vs. no) | −0.1 | (−0.19–−0.01) | 0.036 | −0.12 | (−0.22–−0.02) | 0.024 |
Ra | Rq | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | (95% CI) | p | R2 | B | (95% CI) | p | R2 | |
Lot (F vs. C) | −0.02 | (−0.3–0.25) | 0.87 | 0.025 | −0.05 | (−0.32–0.22) | 0.705 | 0.038 |
Lot (I vs. C) | −0.15 | (−0.45–0.14) | 0.314 | 0.025 | −0.19 | (−0.49–0.1) | 0.194 | 0.038 |
Set (nano vs. micro) | −0.76 | (−0.86–−0.65) | <0.001 | 0.793 | −0.74 | (−0.85–−0.63) | <0.001 | 0.771 |
Fluoride (yes vs. no) | −0.28 | (−0.5–−0.06) | 0.016 | 0.095 | −0.26 | (−0.48–−0.04) | 0.024 | 0.083 |
LASER (yes vs. no) | −0.21 | (−0.46–0.04) | 0.102 | 0.055 | −0.22 | (−0.47–0.03) | 0.091 | 0.06 |
B | (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 1.82 | 1.72 | <0.001 |
Lot (F vs. C) | 0.1 | (0.02–0.19) | 0.03 |
Lot (I vs. C) | −0.01 | (−0.1–0.07) | 0.735 |
Fluoride (yes vs. no) | −0.16 | (−0.25–−0.06) | 0.004 |
LASER (yes vs. no) | −0.04 | (−0.11–0.03) | 0.259 |
B | (95% CI) | p | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lot (F vs. C) | 0.1 | (−0.02–0.23) | 0.124 | 0.165 |
Lot (I vs. C) | −0.01 | (−0.12–0.09) | 0.781 | 0.165 |
Fluoride (yes vs. no) | −0.18 | (−0.28–−0.08) | 0.002 | 0.407 |
LASER (yes vs. no) | −0.12 | (−0.2–−0.04) | 0.006 | 0.188 |
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Tisler, C.E.; Moldovan, M.; Petean, I.; Buduru, S.D.; Prodan, D.; Sarosi, C.; Leucuţa, D.-C.; Chifor, R.; Badea, M.E.; Ene, R. Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment. Polymers 2022, 14, 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142969
Tisler CE, Moldovan M, Petean I, Buduru SD, Prodan D, Sarosi C, Leucuţa D-C, Chifor R, Badea ME, Ene R. Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment. Polymers. 2022; 14(14):2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142969
Chicago/Turabian StyleTisler, Corina Elena, Marioara Moldovan, Ioan Petean, Smaranda Dana Buduru, Doina Prodan, Codruta Sarosi, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuţa, Radu Chifor, Mîndra Eugenia Badea, and Razvan Ene. 2022. "Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment" Polymers 14, no. 14: 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14142969