Characterization of Electrical Heating Performance of CFDM 3D-Printed Graphene/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Horseshoe Pattern with Different 3D Printing Directions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern
2.2.1. Design and 3D Modeling of Horseshoe Pattern
2.2.2. CFDM 3D Printing Conditions
2.3. Preparation of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern/Cotton Composite Fabric
2.4. Characterization
2.4.1. Morphology
2.4.2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.4.3. Surface Resistivity
2.4.4. Electrical Heating Property
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphology of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern Manufactured with Different 3D Printing Directions
3.2. XRD Analysis of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern Manufactured with Different 3D Printing Directions
3.3. Surface Resistivity of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern Manufactured with Different 3D Printing Directions
3.4. Electrical Heating Properties of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern Manufactured with Different 3D Printing Directions
3.5. Electrical Heating Properties of CFDM 3D-Printed Horseshoe Pattern Printed on Cotton Fabric
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | PLA | GR/PLA |
---|---|---|
Belt offset (mm) | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Layer height (mm) | 1.8 | 1.8 |
Temperature of nozzle (°C) | 215 | 220 |
Temperature of bed (°C) | 75 | 50 |
Printing speed (mm/s) | 40 | 30 |
Infill speed (mm/s) | 30 | 22.5 |
Infill (%) | 100 | 100 |
Gantry angle (°) | 15 | 15 |
3D Printing Direction | PLA | GR/PLA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Code | Digital Image | Sample Code | Digital Image | |
0° | PLA-HP00 | GR/PLA-HP00 | ||
45° | PLA-HP45 | GR/PLA-HP45 | ||
90° | PLA-HP90 | GR/PLA-HP90 |
3D Printing Direction | Sample Code | Digital Image |
---|---|---|
0° | GR/PLA/Co-HP00 | |
45° | GR/PLA/Co-HP45 | |
90° | GR/PLA/Co-HP90 |
Measured Part | Magnification | Sample Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
PLA-HP00 | PLA-HP45 | PLA-HP90 | ||
Digital image | ||||
Surface | ×6.5 | |||
Lateral | ||||
Measured Part | Magnification | Sample Code | ||
GR/PLA-HP00 | GR/PLA-HP45 | GR/PLA-HP90 | ||
Digital image | ||||
Surface | ×6.5 | |||
Lateral |
Measured Part | Magnification | Sample Code | ||
PLA-HP00 | PLA-HP45 | PLA-HP90 | ||
Surface | ×300 | |||
×1000 | ||||
×10,000 | ||||
×15,000 | ||||
Measured Part | Magnification | Sample Code | ||
GR/PLA-HP00 | GR/PLA-HP45 | GR/PLA-HP90 | ||
Lateral | ×300 | |||
×1000 | ||||
×10,000 | ||||
×15,000 |
PLA-HP00 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 20.5 ± 0.2 | 20.5 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.3 | 20.4 ± 0.1 | 20.3 ± 0.3 | 20.4 ± 0.1 |
Current (A) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
PLA-HP45 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 20.5 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.3 | 20.4 ± 0.1 | 20.2 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.1 |
Current (A) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
PLA-HP90 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 20.5 ± 0.2 | 20.4 ± 0.1 | 20.2 ± 0.2 | 20.2 ± 0.2 | 20.6 ± 0.2 | 20.6 ± 0.2 |
Current (A) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
GR/PLA-HP00 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 21.9 ± 0.5 | 25.5 ± 0.9 | 33.5 ± 3.6 | 45.2 ± 5.7 | 63.3 ± 6.8 | 83.6 ± 9.2 |
Current (A) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
GR/PLA-HP45 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 21.5 ± 0.4 | 25.3 ± 1.3 | 32.3 ± 1.4 | 45.2 ± 2.9 | 62.5 ± 5.3 | 80.6 ± 5.8 |
Current (A) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.00 |
GR/PLA-HP90 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 21.3 ± 0.4 | 22.6 ± 0.3 | 25.6 ± 1.3 | 30.8 ± 3.2 | 40.1 ± 5.0 | 52.5 ± 3.1 |
Current (A) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 |
GR/PLA/Co-HP00 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 22.6 ± 0.5 | 25.1 ± 1.3 | 33.5 ± 3.1 | 51.9 ± 4.7 | 64.4 ± 6.6 | 82.6 ± 8.7 |
Current (A) | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
GR/PLA/Co-HP45 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 22.3 ± 0.2 | 24.9 ± 0.8 | 32.6 ± 2.4 | 48.9 ± 3.9 | 61.5 ± 6.3 | 79.6 ± 7.8 |
Current (A) | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
GR/PLA/Co-HP90 | Applied Voltage (V) | |||||
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
IR image | ||||||
Mean temperature (°C) | 22.2 ± 0.4 | 23.8 ± 0.6 | 28.5 ± 1.2 | 39.8 ± 2.9 | 50.1 ± 4.1 | 61.5 ± 3.7 |
Current (A) | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 |
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Kim, H.; Lee, S. Characterization of Electrical Heating Performance of CFDM 3D-Printed Graphene/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Horseshoe Pattern with Different 3D Printing Directions. Polymers 2020, 12, 2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122955
Kim H, Lee S. Characterization of Electrical Heating Performance of CFDM 3D-Printed Graphene/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Horseshoe Pattern with Different 3D Printing Directions. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122955
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Hyelim, and Sunhee Lee. 2020. "Characterization of Electrical Heating Performance of CFDM 3D-Printed Graphene/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Horseshoe Pattern with Different 3D Printing Directions" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2955. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122955