Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–oxy (TEMPO)-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (TOCNs)
2.3. Surface Modification of 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–oxy (TEMPO)-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (TOCN) with Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) Initiating Moiety (TOCN–Br)
2.4. Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI ICAR) ATRP of Methyl Methyacrylate (MMA) from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–oxy (TEMPO)-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (TOCN) with ATRP Initiating Moiety (TOCN)–Br
2.5. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Deconvoluted Signal (eV) | Fraction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C–C | C–OH | C–O | O–C=O | fC–OH | fO–C=O | |
Cellulose | 284.20 | 285.8 | 286.81 | – | 32.7 | – |
TOCN | 284.16 | 285.77 | 286.79 | 287.96 | 28.6 | 15.0 |
TOCN–Br | 284.18 | 284.74 | 286.84 | 287.94 | 12.7 | 19.0 |
Sample | M/I a | Mn | PDI | Grafted PMMA (wt%) b | WCA(°) c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TOCN–g–PMMA1 | 100 | 12,000 | 1.16 | 25 | 96.3 ± 1.5 |
TOCN–g–PMMA2 | 200 | 18,800 | 1.17 | 33 | 98.7 ± 2.5 |
TOCN–g–PMMA3 | 300 | 28,000 | 1.13 | 38 | 92.3 ± 1.5 |
Sample | Td5 (°C) a | T–(dT/dW),max (°C) b | Tg (°C) c | Strength (MPa) d | Strain (%) d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMMA | 417 | 453 | 99 | 17.1 | 0.88 |
TOCN | 195 | 216 | – | – | – |
TOCN–g–PMMA2 | 278 | 365 | – | – | – |
TOCN–g–PMMA2/PMMA Composites | |||||
1%TOCN | 327 | 384 | 110 | 37.2 | 1.92 |
3%TOCN | 320 | 373 | 105 | 24.9 | 1.36 |
5%TOCN | 326 | 381 | 103 | 22.7 | 1.20 |
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Tu, C.-W.; Tsai, F.-C.; Chang, C.-J.; Yang, C.-H.; Kuo, S.-W.; Zhang, J.; Chen, T.; Huang, C.-F. Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites. Polymers 2019, 11, 1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101631
Tu C-W, Tsai F-C, Chang C-J, Yang C-H, Kuo S-W, Zhang J, Chen T, Huang C-F. Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites. Polymers. 2019; 11(10):1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101631
Chicago/Turabian StyleTu, Cheng-Wei, Fang-Chang Tsai, Chi-Jung Chang, Cheng-Han Yang, Shiao-Wei Kuo, Jiawei Zhang, Tao Chen, and Chih-Feng Huang. 2019. "Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites" Polymers 11, no. 10: 1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101631
APA StyleTu, C. -W., Tsai, F. -C., Chang, C. -J., Yang, C. -H., Kuo, S. -W., Zhang, J., Chen, T., & Huang, C. -F. (2019). Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites. Polymers, 11(10), 1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101631