Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Gemological Properties
3.2. Spectral Characteristics
3.2.1. Infrared Spectrum
3.2.2. Raman Spectrum
3.3. Major and Trace Elements
4. Discussion
4.1. Gemological Properties
4.2. Spectroscopy Analysis
4.3. Chemical Compositions
4.4. Chemical Composition Comparison with Other Localities
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
XJ-1//C | XJ-1⊥C | XJ-2//C | XJ-2⊥C | BX//C | BX⊥C | NF | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak (cm−1) | Absorbance | FWHM | Absorbance | FWHM | Absorbance | FWHM | Absorbance | FWHM | Absorbance | FWHM | Absorbance | FWHM | Absorbance | FWHM |
684 | 0.2805 | 0.134 | 0.1632 | 0.122 | 0.0365 | 0.156 | 0.2789 | 0.016 | 0.1566 | 0.117 | 0.2518 | 0.116 | 0.3220 | 0.184 |
748 | 0.2453 | 0.140 | 0.0398 | 0.001 | 0.0225 | 0.128 | 0.2238 | 0.005 | 0.0327 | 0.038 | 0.0795 | 0.299 | 0.2450 | 0.130 |
962 | 0.4830 | 0.223 | 0.1578 | 0.126 | 0.0400 | 0.226 | 0.4628 | 0.009 | 0.0925 | 0.063 | 0.1221 | 0.050 | 0.6021 | 0.336 |
1024 | 0.3338 | 0.037 | 0.0599 | 0.030 | 0.0400 | 0.050 | 0.3163 | 0.007 | 0.0317 | 0.004 | 0.0861 | 0.033 | 0.4552 | 0.136 |
1072 | 0.2651 | 0.040 | 0.0247 | 0.002 | 0.0726 | 0.024 | 0.2341 | 0.015 | 0.0212 | 0.001 | 0.0528 | 0.023 | 0.3304 | 0.049 |
1248 | 0.2694 | 0.206 | 0.2000 | 0.154 | 0.0649 | 0.252 | 0.3131 | 0.040 | 0.0566 | 0.026 | 0.2862 | 0.128 | 0.3872 | 0.287 |
3231 | 0.0633 | 0.006 | 0.0122 | 0.007 | 0.0022 | 0.001 | 0.0152 | 0.005 |
XJ-1//C | XJ-1⊥C | XJ-2//C | XJ-2⊥C | BX//C | BX⊥C | NF | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shift (cm−1) | Intensity | FWHM | Intensity | FWHM | Intensity | FWHM | Intensity | FWHM | Intensity | FWHM | Intensity | FWHM | Intensity | FWHM |
1243 | 174.872 | 88.516 | 114.567 | 66.595 | 230.673 | 70.238 | 382.072 | 69.447 | 184.364 | 194.734 | 1161.451 | 85.750 | 226.127 | 4.052 |
3598 | 1769.940 | 66.976 | 1486.210 | 99.910 | 2749.440 | 146.693 | 945.105 | 35.649 | 850.065 | 49.907 | 1678.470 | 39.167 | 2607.280 | 919.442 |
3609 | 7288.890 | 5795.524 | 5365.190 | 4085.822 | 8139.720 | 5725.512 | 5679.880 | 1739.932 | 5905.450 | 3257.087 | 5677.110 | 1524.773 | 3781.540 | 1479.543 |
XJ-1-1 | XJ-1-2 | XJ-1-3 | XJ-1-4 | XJ-1-5 | XJ-1-6 | XJ-1-7 | XJ-1-8 | XJ-1-9 | XJ-1-10 | XJ-2-1 | XJ-2-2 | XJ-2-3 | XJ-2-4 | XJ-2-5 | XJ-2-6 | |
SiO2 | 63.19 | 63.77 | 63.52 | 62.87 | 62.65 | 63.26 | 62.81 | 63.07 | 62.64 | 62.92 | 65.76 | 65.88 | 65.76 | 66.40 | 65.96 | 65.71 |
Na2O | 0.49 | 0.61 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.33 |
K2O | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Cr2O3 | bdl | 0.05 | bdl | bdl | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.03 | 0.06 | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.03 | bdl |
Al2O3 | 18.65 | 18.51 | 19.42 | 19.39 | 18.80 | 19.19 | 19.60 | 19.75 | 19.87 | 20.08 | 17.87 | 18.05 | 18.24 | 18.39 | 18.16 | 18.15 |
MgO | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
CaO | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | bdl |
MnO | bdl | 0.06 | bdl | bdl | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | bdl | 0.07 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.02 |
P2O5 | 0.04 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 0.00 | 0.05 | bdl | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 |
FeO | 0.57 | 0.95 | 0.58 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.50 |
TiO2 | bdl | bdl | bdl | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.09 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
NiO | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.07 | bdl | 0.04 | 0.10 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 0.05 |
Li2O | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
BeO * | 13.13 | 13.25 | 13.28 | 13.18 | 13.07 | 13.24 | 13.19 | 13.26 | 13.20 | 13.27 | 13.62 | 13.67 | 13.68 | 13.80 | 13.68 | 13.64 |
Total | 96.44 | 97.66 | 97.62 | 96.95 | 96.54 | 97.27 | 97.00 | 97.32 | 96.99 | 97.53 | 98.38 | 98.75 | 98.85 | 99.62 | 98.73 | 98.47 |
cation (apfu) | ||||||||||||||||
Si | 5.909 | 5.908 | 5.872 | 5.857 | 5.872 | 5.872 | 5.845 | 5.847 | 5.827 | 5.821 | 6.011 | 6.000 | 5.986 | 5.992 | 6.003 | 5.998 |
Na | 0.089 | 0.110 | 0.076 | 0.086 | 0.116 | 0.083 | 0.082 | 0.085 | 0.096 | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.074 | 0.068 | 0.060 | 0.062 | 0.058 |
K | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Cr | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Al | 2.055 | 2.021 | 2.115 | 2.128 | 2.077 | 2.100 | 2.149 | 2.157 | 2.178 | 2.189 | 1.925 | 1.938 | 1.957 | 1.956 | 1.948 | 1.952 |
Mg | 0.023 | 0.033 | 0.006 | 0.016 | 0.036 | 0.014 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Ca | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Mn | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
P | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Fe | 0.044 | 0.074 | 0.045 | 0.057 | 0.065 | 0.049 | 0.043 | 0.043 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.036 | 0.034 | 0.038 |
Ti | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Ni | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
Li | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.051 | 0.058 | 0.048 | 0.051 | 0.048 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 |
Be | 2.949 | 2.949 | 2.950 | 2.949 | 2.942 | 2.952 | 2.949 | 2.952 | 2.950 | 2.950 | 2.991 | 2.992 | 2.992 | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.991 |
XJ-2-7 | XJ-2-8 | XJ-2-9 | XJ-2-10 | XJ-2-11 | XJ-2-12 | XJ-2-13 | XJ-2-14 | XJ-2-15 | MG-1 | MG-2 | MG-3 | MG-4 | MG-5 | MG-6 | MG-7 | |
SiO2 | 65.82 | 65.42 | 65.81 | 64.99 | 66.00 | 66.06 | 65.34 | 65.97 | 65.58 | 65.48 | 65.09 | 65.37 | 65.73 | 65.43 | 64.97 | 65.36 |
Na2O | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.24 |
K2O | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Cr2O3 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.04 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 0.06 | bdl |
Al2O3 | 18.32 | 17.97 | 18.16 | 17.56 | 18.16 | 18.02 | 18.31 | 18.29 | 18.08 | 17.48 | 17.41 | 17.22 | 17.47 | 17.51 | 17.33 | 17.35 |
MgO | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
CaO | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.00 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | bdl |
MnO | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.03 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl |
P2O5 | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.00 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
FeO | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 0.90 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.02 |
TiO2 | bdl | bdl | 0.03 | 0.04 | bdl | 0.04 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | bdl |
NiO | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 0.02 | 0.01 | bdl |
Li2O | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
BeO * | 13.68 | 13.57 | 13.66 | 13.46 | 13.70 | 13.68 | 13.60 | 13.70 | 13.62 | 13.52 | 13.45 | 13.45 | 13.57 | 13.51 | 13.41 | 13.48 |
Total | 98.72 | 97.94 | 98.52 | 97.34 | 98.91 | 98.63 | 98.13 | 98.87 | 98.35 | 97.89 | 97.36 | 97.28 | 98.17 | 97.76 | 97.11 | 97.55 |
cation (apfu) | ||||||||||||||||
Si | 5.991 | 6.003 | 6.001 | 6.009 | 6.000 | 6.014 | 5.984 | 5.996 | 5.996 | 6.026 | 6.022 | 6.046 | 6.029 | 6.025 | 6.025 | 6.033 |
Na | 0.066 | 0.068 | 0.064 | 0.079 | 0.066 | 0.068 | 0.054 | 0.063 | 0.069 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.037 | 0.043 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.043 |
K | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Cr | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Al | 1.965 | 1.943 | 1.951 | 1.914 | 1.945 | 1.933 | 1.976 | 1.959 | 1.948 | 1.896 | 1.898 | 1.877 | 1.889 | 1.900 | 1.894 | 1.887 |
Mg | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.019 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.008 |
Ca | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Mn | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
P | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Fe | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.049 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.043 | 0.078 | 0.081 | 0.069 | 0.078 | 0.072 | 0.078 | 0.079 |
Ti | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Ni | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Li | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.013 | 0.012 |
Be | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.990 | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.991 | 2.989 | 2.989 | 2.987 | 2.989 | 2.988 | 2.987 | 2.988 |
MG-8 | MG-9 | MG-10 | MG-11 | MG-12 | MG-13 | NA-1 | NA-2 | NA-3 | NA-4 | NA-5 | NA-6 | NA-7 | NA-8 | NA-9 | NA-10 | |
SiO2 | 65.33 | 65.29 | 65.58 | 65.44 | 64.58 | 65.56 | 62.51 | 62.64 | 61.65 | 61.54 | 61.54 | 61.96 | 61.55 | 62.50 | 61.14 | 61.59 |
Na2O | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 1.27 | 1.16 | 1.30 | 1.63 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.23 |
K2O | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
Cr2O3 | bdl | 0.02 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.11 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.00 | bdl | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | bdl |
Al2O3 | 17.30 | 17.34 | 17.38 | 17.47 | 17.28 | 17.37 | 17.07 | 17.21 | 17.17 | 17.36 | 17.42 | 17.04 | 17.50 | 17.63 | 17.49 | 17.76 |
MgO | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
CaO | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 0.00 | 0.08 | bdl | 0.00 | bdl | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
MnO | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
P2O5 | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | bdl | bdl | 0.04 | bdl | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.03 |
FeO | 1.11 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 1.17 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 2.17 | 2.16 | 2.09 | 2.11 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.11 | 1.88 | 2.13 | 2.16 |
TiO2 | bdl | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | bdl | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl | 0.01 | 0.01 | bdl |
NiO | bdl | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.02 | bdl | bdl | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
Li2O | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
BeO * | 13.47 | 13.47 | 13.52 | 13.53 | 13.37 | 13.54 | 13.10 | 13.12 | 12.98 | 13.02 | 12.99 | 13.00 | 13.02 | 13.16 | 12.93 | 13.04 |
Total | 97.52 | 97.43 | 97.76 | 98.00 | 96.93 | 98.06 | 97.54 | 97.57 | 96.62 | 97.14 | 96.81 | 96.67 | 96.89 | 97.74 | 96.30 | 97.20 |
cation (apfu) | ||||||||||||||||
Si | 6.034 | 6.033 | 6.038 | 6.019 | 6.009 | 6.025 | 5.867 | 5.872 | 5.845 | 5.816 | 5.824 | 5.865 | 5.820 | 5.842 | 5.816 | 5.805 |
Na | 0.037 | 0.044 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.056 | 0.048 | 0.232 | 0.210 | 0.239 | 0.299 | 0.238 | 0.239 | 0.240 | 0.209 | 0.213 | 0.224 |
K | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.010 |
Cr | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Al | 1.883 | 1.889 | 1.885 | 1.894 | 1.895 | 1.881 | 1.888 | 1.901 | 1.918 | 1.933 | 1.943 | 1.901 | 1.951 | 1.942 | 1.960 | 1.973 |
Mg | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.153 | 0.145 | 0.154 | 0.150 | 0.157 | 0.141 | 0.154 | 0.156 | 0.155 | 0.155 |
Ca | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Mn | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.005 |
P | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Fe | 0.086 | 0.070 | 0.071 | 0.090 | 0.080 | 0.080 | 0.170 | 0.169 | 0.166 | 0.166 | 0.174 | 0.166 | 0.167 | 0.147 | 0.169 | 0.170 |
Ti | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Ni | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Li | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.047 |
Be | 2.988 | 2.989 | 2.990 | 2.989 | 2.988 | 2.989 | 2.954 | 2.955 | 2.956 | 2.956 | 2.953 | 2.955 | 2.957 | 2.955 | 2.956 | 2.953 |
XJ-1-1 | XJ-1-2 | XJ-1-3 | XJ-1-4 | XJ-1-5 | XJ-1-6 | XJ-1-7 | XJ-1-8 | XJ-2-1 | XJ-2-2 | XJ-2-3 | XJ-2-4 | XJ-2-5 | XJ-2-6 | XJ-2-7 | XJ-2-8 | XJ-2-9 | ||
Li | 630 | 641 | 630 | 631 | 721 | 598 | 639 | 596 | 112 | 106 | 108 | 113 | 112 | 117 | 114 | 112 | 110 | |
Na | 2948 | 3002 | 2890 | 2840 | 3327 | 2851 | 3470 | 2807 | 1768 | 1738 | 1770 | 1742 | 1634 | 1689 | 1688 | 1680 | 1815 | |
Mg | 407 | 440 | 380 | 378 | 523 | 492 | 869 | 441 | 612 | 582 | 609 | 590 | 536 | 580 | 578 | 580 | 646 | |
K | 78.9 | 90.7 | 77.5 | 97.8 | 107 | 90.8 | 113.1 | 84.3 | 90.1 | 87.5 | 71.2 | 75.2 | 67.7 | 96.0 | 70.8 | 74.5 | 81.7 | |
Sc | bdl | 0.43 | 0.28 | bdl | 0.30 | 0.57 | 1.36 | 0.31 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.70 | 0.89 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.92 | 0.87 | |
Ti | 79.2 | 71.2 | 71.8 | 66.7 | 63.1 | 70.6 | 73.9 | 68.7 | 67.7 | 61.3 | 66.9 | 64.2 | 63.5 | 66.3 | 69.5 | 70.1 | 70.1 | |
V | 2.27 | 2.51 | 2.16 | 2.25 | 2.26 | 2.48 | 8.01 | 1.32 | 1.45 | 1.42 | 1.39 | 1.44 | 1.11 | 1.44 | 1.22 | 1.29 | 1.53 | |
Mn | 36.6 | 36.6 | 35.9 | 35.8 | 32.3 | 37.0 | 44.3 | 28.8 | 73.9 | 70.9 | 68.4 | 70.3 | 62.2 | 61.1 | 58.9 | 65.6 | 72.2 | |
Fe | 4492 | 4751 | 4550 | 4655 | 4159 | 4535 | 5782 | 3907 | 5805 | 5774 | 5723 | 5698 | 5293 | 5388 | 5401 | 5472 | 5985 | |
Zn | 371 | 370 | 360 | 375 | 346 | 373 | 356 | 348 | 201 | 202 | 199 | 204 | 201 | 202 | 201 | 199 | 202 | |
Rb | 33.3 | 35.9 | 30.3 | 35.7 | 33.3 | 34.4 | 41.4 | 30.4 | 22.5 | 23.1 | 21.8 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 21.6 | 20.2 | 21.6 | 22.4 | |
Cs | 2623 | 2989 | 2593 | 2969 | 2278 | 2683 | 4000 | 1562 | 427 | 424 | 404 | 412 | 357 | 378 | 377 | 366 | 468 | |
cation (apfu) | ||||||||||||||||||
Li | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.060 | 0.049 | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | |
Na | 0.073 | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.071 | 0.083 | 0.071 | 0.087 | 0.070 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 0.043 | |
Mg | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.021 | 0.010 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 0.012 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.015 | |
K | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Sc | - | 0.000 | 0.000 | - | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Ti | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
V | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Mn | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Fe | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.043 | 0.046 | 0.059 | 0.040 | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.056 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.053 | 0.053 | 0.054 | 0.059 | |
Zn | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
Rb | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Cs | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
XJ-2-10 | XJ-2-11 | XJ-2-12 | XJ-2-13 | MG-1 | MG-2 | MG-3 | MG-4 | MG-5 | MG-6 | MG-7 | MG-8 | MG-9 | MG-10 | MG-11 | MG-12 | MG-13 | ||
Li | 119 | 112 | 116 | 109 | 135 | 144 | 158 | 136 | 144 | 161 | 151 | 145 | 137 | 131 | 135 | 147 | 135 | |
Na | 1828 | 1853 | 1829 | 1732 | 1764.2 | 1778 | 1857 | 1731 | 1779 | 1728 | 1770 | 1905 | 1732 | 1723 | 1735 | 1849 | 1721 | |
Mg | 631 | 648 | 632 | 600 | 212 | 220 | 222 | 225 | 225 | 221 | 227 | 230 | 228 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | |
K | 32.2 | 58.3 | 69.5 | 83.8 | 63 | 39.4 | 38.0 | 48.7 | 63.5 | 31.0 | 39.3 | 63.2 | 73.8 | 71.5 | 53.3 | 49.7 | 57.2 | |
Sc | 1.18 | 0.74 | 1.08 | 0.69 | 3.25 | 3.14 | 3.32 | 3.52 | 3.22 | 3.18 | 3.76 | 3.45 | 3.43 | 3.22 | 3.45 | 3.76 | 3.36 | |
Ti | 68.9 | 70.5 | 70.3 | 73.1 | 65.8 | 67.9 | 66.3 | 69.4 | 64.6 | 64.4 | 64.4 | 66.7 | 70.9 | 70.8 | 67.5 | 68.5 | 72.8 | |
V | 1.64 | 1.53 | 1.11 | 1.34 | 7.29 | 7.37 | 7.50 | 7.34 | 7.27 | 7.25 | 7.72 | 7.40 | 7.00 | 7.63 | 7.72 | 7.12 | 7.71 | |
Mn | 61.0 | 75.8 | 73.0 | 74.2 | 105 | 102 | 95.0 | 107 | 104 | 104 | 111 | 117 | 117 | 119 | 118 | 122 | 120 | |
Fe | 5529 | 6026 | 5992 | 5826 | 7546 | 7504 | 7457 | 7503 | 7547 | 7204 | 7522 | 7585 | 7575 | 7633 | 7663 | 7649 | 7634 | |
Zn | 191 | 206 | 199 | 207 | 87.6 | 85.3 | 84.9 | 86.0 | 85.1 | 82.1 | 89.7 | 87.0 | 90.5 | 86.0 | 89.2 | 88.1 | 89.1 | |
Rb | 18.2 | 21.2 | 20.9 | 21.9 | 43.5 | 39.1 | 29.7 | 42.5 | 42.2 | 29.1 | 39.1 | 42.1 | 43.3 | 42.6 | 38.7 | 42.1 | 43.2 | |
Cs | 395 | 465 | 464 | 431 | 543 | 555 | 578 | 543 | 555 | 621 | 563 | 556 | 542 | 546 | 546 | 559 | 548 | |
cation (apfu) | ||||||||||||||||||
Li | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.011 | |
Na | 0.044 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.046 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.042 | 0.045 | 0.041 | |
Mg | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | |
K | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Sc | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Ti | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
V | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Mn | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Fe | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.059 | 0.058 | 0.074 | 0.074 | 0.074 | 0.074 | 0.074 | 0.072 | 0.074 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 0.076 | 0.076 | 0.075 | |
Zn | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Rb | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Cs | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
MG-14 | MG-15 | NA-1 | NA-2 | NA-3 | NA-4 | NA-5 | NA-6 | NA-7 | NA-8 | NA-9 | NA-10 | NA-11 | NA-12 | NA-13 | NA-14 | NA-15 | DL | |
Li | 134 | 139 | 563 | 561 | 540 | 542 | 573 | 548 | 527 | 558 | 537 | 578 | 578 | 538 | 537 | 555 | 564 | 0.4 |
Na | 1710 | 1796 | 8658 | 8691 | 8469 | 8587 | 8854 | 8731 | 8860 | 8870 | 8855 | 8886 | 8996 | 8850 | 8683 | 8806 | 8832 | 0.4 |
Mg | 229.4 | 230.2 | 5102 | 5122 | 5099 | 5203 | 5263 | 5181 | 5232 | 5310 | 5210 | 5261 | 5322 | 5303 | 5266 | 5210 | 5265 | 0.06 |
K | 50.4 | 49.2 | 639 | 641 | 560 | 560.4 | 664 | 644 | 635 | 659 | 633 | 643 | 670 | 658 | 615 | 654 | 649 | 0.15 |
Sc | 3.80 | 3.40 | 549 | 553 | 539 | 537 | 544 | 550 | 557 | 556 | 542 | 547 | 551 | 555 | 548 | 552 | 574 | 0.2 |
Ti | 68.1 | 68.4 | 87.8 | 85.2 | 87.8 | 77.3 | 81.1 | 81.2 | 83.9 | 77.0 | 83.4 | 81.6 | 86.8 | 83.1 | 78.5 | 81.0 | 80.1 | 1.3 |
V | 7.41 | 7.74 | 61.5 | 61.0 | 61.0 | 62.3 | 63.2 | 62.7 | 63.2 | 63.2 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 66.0 | 64.9 | 63.3 | 63.9 | 65.1 | 0.001 |
Mn | 117 | 119 | 338 | 330 | 332 | 314 | 340 | 342 | 339 | 355 | 294 | 332 | 343 | 349 | 302 | 318 | 320 | 0.01 |
Fe | 7620 | 7696 | 15,800 | 15,686 | 15,631 | 15,650 | 15,748 | 15,771 | 15,898 | 15,958 | 15,798 | 15,918 | 16,145 | 16,220 | 15,896 | 15,988 | 16,100 | 0.05 |
Zn | 86.7 | 87.7 | 84.8 | 87.4 | 87.9 | 85.5 | 88.0 | 87.6 | 90.3 | 86.7 | 86.3 | 90.5 | 86.5 | 87.4 | 82.8 | 84.3 | 88.4 | 0.02 |
Rb | 421.0 | 44.0 | 89.7 | 88.5 | 87.5 | 87.4 | 89.8 | 90.1 | 92.0 | 91.0 | 91.4 | 92.5 | 93.4 | 94.1 | 90.9 | 93.7 | 93.8 | 0.003 |
Cs | 550 | 549 | 696 | 706 | 692 | 691 | 750 | 712 | 724 | 712 | 716 | 719 | 717 | 716 | 683 | 711 | 718 | 0.001 |
cation (apfu) | ||||||||||||||||||
Li | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.046 | 0.046 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.046 | 0.046 | 0.049 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.047 | |
Na | 0.041 | 0.044 | 0.217 | 0.218 | 0.215 | 0.219 | 0.226 | 0.221 | 0.226 | 0.223 | 0.227 | 0.226 | 0.226 | 0.225 | 0.220 | 0.224 | 0.223 | |
Mg | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.121 | 0.121 | 0.123 | 0.125 | 0.127 | 0.124 | 0.126 | 0.126 | 0.126 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.127 | 0.126 | 0.125 | 0.126 | |
K | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.010 | |
Sc | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | |
Ti | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
V | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Mn | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | |
Fe | 0.076 | 0.077 | 0.163 | 0.162 | 0.164 | 0.164 | 0.165 | 0.164 | 0.167 | 0.165 | 0.167 | 0.167 | 0.167 | 0.169 | 0.166 | 0.167 | 0.167 | |
Zn | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Rb | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Cs | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
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Sample | Color | RI | DR | Dichroism | CCF | UV | SG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
XJ-1 | Light blue | 1.573–1.581 | 0.008 | Weak | Pale green | Inert | 2.68 |
XJ-2 | Light blue | 1.562–1.569 | 0.007 | Weak | Pale green | Inert | 2.68 |
MG | Medium blue | 1.561–1.570 | 0.009 | Moderate | Blue green | Weak blue-white at longwave | 2.67 |
NA | Deep blue | 1.582–1.590 | 0.008 | Weak | Pale green | Inert | 2.70 |
Sample | Chemical Formula |
---|---|
XJ-1 | ch(Na0.091,K0.002)T2(Be2.949,Li0.051)3.000 O(Al2.117,Fe0.048,Mg0.015,Cr0.002,Ca0.001,Mn0.001,Ti0.001)2.185T1Si5.863O18 |
XJ-2 | ch(Na0.067,K0.001)T2Be2.991,Li0.009)3.000 O(Al1.947,Fe0.038,Mg0.007,Cr0.001,Ca0.001,Mn0.001,Ti0.001)1.996T1Si5.999O18 |
MG | ch(Na0.044,K0.001)T2(Be2.989,Li0.011)3.000 O(Al1.890,Fe0.078,Mg0.006,Cr0.002,Ca0.001,Mn0.001,Ti0.001)1.979T1Si6.028O18 |
NA | ch(Na0.234,K0.011)T2(Be2.955,Li0.045)3.000 O(Al1.931,Fe0.166,Mg0.152,Mn0.003,Cr0.001,Ca0.001,Ti0.001)2.255T1Si5.837O18 |
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Cui, S.; Xu, B.; Shen, J.; Miao, Z.; Wang, Z. Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals 2023, 13, 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101478
Cui S, Xu B, Shen J, Miao Z, Wang Z. Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals. 2023; 13(10):1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101478
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Shiyuan, Bo Xu, Jiaqi Shen, Zhuang Miao, and Zixuan Wang. 2023. "Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins" Crystals 13, no. 10: 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101478
APA StyleCui, S., Xu, B., Shen, J., Miao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2023). Gemology, Spectroscopy, and Mineralogy Study of Aquamarines of Three Different Origins. Crystals, 13(10), 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101478