Effects of Scanning Strategy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sc-Zr-Modified Al–Mg Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Scalmalloy Fabrication via LPBF
2.2. Microstructure Characterization and the Evolution of Mechanical Properties
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Scan Strategy on the Microstructure
4.2. Effect of Scan Strategy on the Mechanical Properties
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- For the as-built Scalmalloy samples, a relative density of >99.5% was achieved by employing X- and XY-scan strategies and processing with laser parameters of d = 0.1 mm, P = 360 W, v = 1200 mm/s, and h = 0.06 mm.
- (2)
- Detailed microstructural analyses revealed that the scan strategy significantly affected the microstructure and increased the VFs of UFGs and precipitates, which were greater for the X-scan strategy than for the XY-scan strategy owing to a higher amount of MPBs in the case of X-scan.
- (3)
- Consequently, the tensile strength of the X-scan specimen was higher than that of the XY-scan specimen. The maximum YS (271.5 ± 2.7 MPa) was obtained for the X-scan strategy, which was approximately two times higher than that obtained for casting.
- (4)
- Significant grain growth and differences in the precipitation behavior between the X- and XY-scan strategies were not observed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Powder | Al | Mg | Sc | Zr | Mn | Fe | Si | Ti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCALMA40B5 | Bal. | 4.8 | 0.74 | 0.29 | 0.57 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Scan Strategy | d | P | v | E | YS | UTS | Elongation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (W) | (mm/s) | (J/mm3) | (MPa) | (MPa) | (%) | |
X-scan | 0.1 | 360 | 1200 | 50 | 271.5 ± 2.7 * | 352.2 ± 1.4 * | 29.4 ± 1.9 |
XY-scan | 0.1 | 360 | 1200 | 50 | 261.3 ± 1.0 | 343.8 ± 0.6 | 30.5 ± 1.9 |
Casting [33] | 131 ± 2 | 188 ± 2 | 3.7 ± 0.6 |
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Ekubaru, Y.; Gokcekaya, O.; Nakano, T. Effects of Scanning Strategy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sc-Zr-Modified Al–Mg Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Crystals 2022, 12, 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101348
Ekubaru Y, Gokcekaya O, Nakano T. Effects of Scanning Strategy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sc-Zr-Modified Al–Mg Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Crystals. 2022; 12(10):1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101348
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkubaru, Yusufu, Ozkan Gokcekaya, and Takayoshi Nakano. 2022. "Effects of Scanning Strategy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sc-Zr-Modified Al–Mg Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion" Crystals 12, no. 10: 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101348