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Crystals
Volume 10
Issue 9
10.3390/cryst10090788
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Retraction published on 24 August 2026, see Crystals 2026, 16(9), 552.
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Article

RETRACTED: The Impact Resistance and Deformation Performance of Novel Pre-Packed Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Waste Polypropylene Fibres

by
Fahed Alrshoudi
1,*,
Hossein Mohammadhosseini
2,*,
Rayed Alyousef
3,*,
Mahmood Md. Tahir
2,
Hisham Alabduljabbar
3 and
Abdeliazim Mustafa Mohamed
3
1
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
2
Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction (ISIIC), School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
3
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2020, 10(9), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090788
Submission received: 23 July 2020 / Revised: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 / Published: 6 September 2020 / Retracted: 24 August 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Study of Concrete)
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Abstract

Pre-packed aggregate fibre-reinforced concrete (PAFRC) is an innovative type of concrete composite using a mixture of coarse aggregates and fibres which are pre-mixed and pre-placed in the formwork. A flowable grout is then injected into the cavities between the aggregate mass. This study develops the concept of a new PAFRC, which is reinforced with polypropylene (PP) waste carpet fibres, investigating its mechanical properties and impact resistance under drop weight impact load. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is used as a partial cement replacement, with a replacement level of 20%. The compressive strength, impact resistance, energy absorption, long-term drying shrinkage, and microstructural analysis of PAFRC are explored. Two methods of grout injection are used—namely, gravity and pumping methods. For each method, six PAFRC batches containing 0–1.25% fibres (with a length of 30 mm) were cast. The findings of the study reveal that, by adding waste PP fibre, the compressive strength of PAFRC specimens decreased. However, with longer curing periods, the compressive strength enhanced due to the pozzolanic activity of POFA. The combination of fibres and POFA in PAFRC mixtures leads to the higher impact strength energy absorption and improved ductility of the concrete. Furthermore, drying shrinkage was reduced by about 28.6% for the pumping method PAFRC mix containing 0.75% fibres. Due to the unique production method of PAFRC and high impact resistance and energy absorption, it can be used in many pioneering applications.
Keywords: impact resistance; pre-packed aggregate fibre-reinforced concrete; strength; long-term shrinkage; microstructure; waste polypropylene fibres impact resistance; pre-packed aggregate fibre-reinforced concrete; strength; long-term shrinkage; microstructure; waste polypropylene fibres

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alrshoudi, F.; Mohammadhosseini, H.; Alyousef, R.; Md. Tahir, M.; Alabduljabbar, H.; Mustafa Mohamed, A. RETRACTED: The Impact Resistance and Deformation Performance of Novel Pre-Packed Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Waste Polypropylene Fibres. Crystals 2020, 10, 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090788

AMA Style

Alrshoudi F, Mohammadhosseini H, Alyousef R, Md. Tahir M, Alabduljabbar H, Mustafa Mohamed A. RETRACTED: The Impact Resistance and Deformation Performance of Novel Pre-Packed Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Waste Polypropylene Fibres. Crystals. 2020; 10(9):788. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090788

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alrshoudi, Fahed, Hossein Mohammadhosseini, Rayed Alyousef, Mahmood Md. Tahir, Hisham Alabduljabbar, and Abdeliazim Mustafa Mohamed. 2020. "RETRACTED: The Impact Resistance and Deformation Performance of Novel Pre-Packed Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Waste Polypropylene Fibres" Crystals 10, no. 9: 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090788

APA Style

Alrshoudi, F., Mohammadhosseini, H., Alyousef, R., Md. Tahir, M., Alabduljabbar, H., & Mustafa Mohamed, A. (2020). RETRACTED: The Impact Resistance and Deformation Performance of Novel Pre-Packed Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Waste Polypropylene Fibres. Crystals, 10(9), 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090788

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