Catalyst Stability Assessment in a Lab-Scale Liquid-Solid (LS)² Plug-Flow Reactor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Continuous-Flow Reactor for the Assessment of Catalyst Deactivation
1.2. Intrinsic Kinetics Assessment
1.3. Aim of this Work
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Case Study: Transesterification Reaction
2.1.1. Intrinsic Kinetics Verification
2.1.2. Catalyst Stability and Activity
2.2. Case study: Aldol Reaction
2.2.1. Intrinsic Kinetics Verification
2.2.2. Catalyst Stability and Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reactor Design
3.2. Case Study: Transesterification
3.3. Case Study: Aldol Reaction
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criterion | Value | Limit |
---|---|---|
Ca | 3.2 × 10−3 | <5 × 10−2 |
∅ | 1.3 × 10−2 | <8 × 10−2 |
∆Text (K) | 2.6 × 10−3 | <0.95 |
∆Trad (K) | 1.1 × 10−2 | <0.95 |
∆Tint (K) | 6.7 × 10−4 | <0.95 |
∆Tax (K) | 2.0 × 10−2 | <0.95 |
dt/dp | 14 | >8 |
Lr/dp | 273 | >2.2 |
∆P | 42.6 | <36,000 Pa |
Vdil/Vtot | 0 | <0.995 |
Site Time (molsite s molethyl acetate−1) | 15.8 | 15.8 |
---|---|---|
Flow rate (mL min−1) | 1.0 | 1.5 |
Conversion (%) | 13 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 |
Hexane | DMSO | Solvent-Free | Limit | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ca | 6.2 × 10−3 | 4.9 × 10−3 | 2.7 × 10−3 | <5 × 10−2 |
ϕ | 6.8 × 10−2 | 6.2 × 10−2 | 2.6 × 10−2 | <8 × 10−2 |
∆Text (K) | 1.6 × 10−3 | 6.0 × 10−4 | 5.3 × 10−4 | <1.32 |
∆Trad (K) | 7.5 × 10−2 | 2.0 × 10−2 | 2.3 × 10−2 | <1.32 |
∆Tint (K) | 2.4 × 10−4 | 7.7 × 10−5 | 7.0 × 10−5 | <1.32 |
∆Tax (K) | 7.4 × 10−2 | 1.9 × 10−2 | 3.7 × 10−2 | <1.32 |
dt/dp | 20 | 20 | 20 | >8 |
LB/dp | 400 | 400 | 400 | >1.6 |
∆P (Pa) | 106.4 | 177.8 | 78.9 | <36,000 |
Vdil/Vtot | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.995 |
Average Pellet Diameter (µm) | 137 | 375 |
---|---|---|
Conversion (%) | 16 ± 2 | 19 ± 2 |
Site Time (molsite s mol−1) | 165.1 | 165.1 |
---|---|---|
Flow rate (ml min−1) | 1.5 | 2.0 |
Conversion (%) | 22 ± 2 | 21 ± 2 |
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De Vylder, A.; Lauwaert, J.; Van Auwenis, S.; De Clercq, J.; Thybaut, J.W. Catalyst Stability Assessment in a Lab-Scale Liquid-Solid (LS)² Plug-Flow Reactor. Catalysts 2019, 9, 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090755
De Vylder A, Lauwaert J, Van Auwenis S, De Clercq J, Thybaut JW. Catalyst Stability Assessment in a Lab-Scale Liquid-Solid (LS)² Plug-Flow Reactor. Catalysts. 2019; 9(9):755. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090755
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Vylder, Anton, Jeroen Lauwaert, Stijn Van Auwenis, Jeriffa De Clercq, and Joris W. Thybaut. 2019. "Catalyst Stability Assessment in a Lab-Scale Liquid-Solid (LS)² Plug-Flow Reactor" Catalysts 9, no. 9: 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090755