Enhancing Trace Pb²⁺ Detection via Novel Functional Materials for Improved Electrocatalytic Redox Processes on Electrochemical Sensors: A Short Review

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The manuscript lacks a scientific discussion of each proposed catalytic material for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+ ions. Therefore, the manuscript cannot be recommended in its present form. I suggest the authors to revise the manuscript considering the following comments:

1. It would be better if the authors could provide a database for a decade which includes the details of the number of publications related to the theme of the review.

2.  In Sections 2 and 3, the authors discussed MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, MOFs, and carbon-based materials, providing one reported work for each, which is not sufficient and also there is no significant in mentioning that each catalytic materials have its own general properties leading to good LOD of Pb²⁺ ions. The authors should provide their opinion along with the reported statement which makes more interest to the readership. Further, it would be nice, if the authors could consider more articles relevant to each of the mentioned materials and discuss them in the corresponding section.

3. Most of the sentences, the authors used “nano composite” as two words instead of referring to it as “nanocomposite”. Kindly check and replace it.

4. In recent years, there have been many reported works on hybrid engineering, defect engineering, etc. of catalytic materials to improve the performance of the electrochemical sensors. The authors could consider addressing such a kind of synthesis mechanism and discuss its potential in enhancing the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺.

5.  Section 4, the authors should discuss how the biological materials can be controlled in the fabrication of nanocomposite catalysts and in modifying electrodes for the electrochemical sensors.

6. The author suggested that two ways of either physical or chemical methods have been utilized to combine the biological molecules with the desired catalytic materials.  Considering both the existing methods which one is most and viable and affordable in terms of industrial applications? Kindly suggest your opinion.

7.   In Section 4, it was mentioned that the Pb²⁺ into the chitosan-based film was fabricated using ion imprinting technology resulting in the improved cavity of the film. Are there any other approaches that can be applied to attain such enhanced cavity of the materials/electrodes to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors?

8. Also, it is mentioned only that the Pb²⁺ into the chitosan-based film fabricated with ion imprinting followed by elution resulted in the creation of a cavity in chitosan. What is the existing mechanism behind the formation, and how the size of the cavity to be controlled, since a larger cavity size may also result in poor performance of the electrodes?

9.  In each section, there is a lack of scientific discussion, especially about the electrochemical mechanisms of each mentioned catalytic materials towards the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions.

10.  Since, the theme of the review is about the electrochemical sensor, the electrode plays a significant role in it particularly when looking for industrial applications. I suggest the authors to address and discuss about the different kinds of electrodes used for the fabrication of MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, MOFs, and carbon-based materials, etc in the electrochemical detection of Pb ions.

11.  In the Future Perspectives section, address how the electrochemical sensor can be used in real-time Pb detection and how it would be better in terms of technological and scientific compared with other existing techniques.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comments on the Quality of English Language

 Minor editing of the English language required

Author Response

The manuscript lacks a scientific discussion of each proposed catalytic material for the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions. Therefore, the manuscript cannot be recommended in its present form. I suggest the authors to revise the manuscript considering the following comments:

Our response: We greatly appreciate your time and effort in reviewing our manuscript! We have conducted another thorough check to ensure that any remaining expressions are appropriately revised. Once again, we express our sincere gratitude for your diligent review and guidance.

 

1. It would be better if the authors could provide a database for a decade which includes the details of the number of publications related to the theme of the review.

1)  Thank you for your valuable suggestion. In response, we conducted a comprehensive search using the Web of Science Core Collection database to retrieve 1,697 publications over the past decade related to the theme of our review. We have analyzed and visually presented the research areas, languages, and major concepts of these publications in TreeMap Charts (Figures S2-S4). This detailed database provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the developments in the field, highlighting the multidisciplinary and global nature of research in electrochemical detection.

 

2. In Sections 2 and 3, the authors discussed MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, MOFs, and carbon-based materials, providing one reported work for each, which is not sufficient and also there is no significant in mentioning that each catalytic materials have its own general properties leading to good LOD of Pb²⁺ ions. The authors should provide their opinion along with the reported statement which makes more interest to the readership. Further, it would be nice, if the authors could consider more articles relevant to each of the mentioned materials and discuss them in the corresponding section.

2) Thank you for your valuable feedback. We have categorized the materials mentioned in Sections 2 and 3 and provided a comparison of these material classes across five dimensions: Electron conductivity; catalytic activity; preconcentration capacity; selectivity; and stability. This approach allows for a comprehensive comparison and analysis of different types of materials on a more holistic level, based on the classification of various materials mentioned in our manuscript (see Figure 2(a) and Text S1).

 

3. Most of the sentences, the authors used “nano composite” as two words instead of referring to it as “nanocomposite”. Kindly check and replace it.

3) We have reviewed and replaced all instances of “nano composite” with “nanocomposite” throughout the entire manuscript.

 

4. In recent years, there have been many reported works on hybrid engineering, defect engineering, etc. of catalytic materials to improve the performance of the electrochemical sensors. The authors could consider addressing such a kind of synthesis mechanism and discuss its potential in enhancing the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺.

4) We have introduced the relevant content at the beginning of Section 2 (see yellow highlights). Specifically, we have categorized and compared the commonly used and widely researched materials (see the newly added Figure 2(a)). This introduction highlights the advantages and significance of hybrid engineering in enhancing the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions. Detailed descriptions, ratings, and comparisons can be found in the supplementary material Text S1. Additionally, we have illustrated the main advantages of hybrid engineering and defect engineering, particularly defect engineering, in improving the performance of electrochemical sensors in Figure 2(b). This further leads to the subsequent examples demonstrating the necessity of pre-treating with various materials (to increase surface defects), and rational combination designs, to enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors in the detection of Pb²⁺ ions.

 

5. Section 4, the authors should discuss how the biological materials can be controlled in the fabrication of nanocomposite catalysts and in modifying electrodes for the electrochemical sensors.

5) We have addressed your suggestion by providing a more detailed introduction at the beginning of Section 4, focusing on why biological materials can be incorporated into electrochemical sensors and the mechanisms through which they enhance Pb²⁺ detection. Subsequently, we have elaborated on the main methods for controlling biological materials in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. These methods include Hybridization, Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Assembly Technology, and Ion Imprinting Technology, which are used to control the proportion of biological materials and adjust their spatial structure.

 

6. The author suggested that two ways of either physical or chemical methods have been utilized to combine the biological molecules with the desired catalytic materials. Considering both the existing methods which one is most and viable and affordable in terms of industrial applications? Kindly suggest your opinion.

6) Thank you for your insightful question. We have supplemented the discussion at the end of Section 4 and concluded that physical blending is the most promising method for industrial applications. Additionally, we have provided potential solutions to address the stability and uniformity issues associated with physical blending in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors.

 

7. In Section 4, it was mentioned that the Pb²⁺ into the chitosan-based film was fabricated using ion imprinting technology resulting in the improved cavity of the film. Are there any other approaches that can be applied to attain such enhanced cavity of the materials/electrodes to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors?

7) Thank you for your insightful question. In Section 4, it was mentioned that the Pb²⁺ ions were incorporated into the chitosan-based film using ion imprinting technology, resulting in improved cavities within the film. There are indeed several other approaches that can be considered to achieve similar enhancements in the cavities of materials/electrodes to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors. For example, polymer templating using materials such as polystyrene (PS) beads can create desired pore structures in the electrode material. After synthesis, the template is removed, leaving behind a material with well-defined cavities, similar to the ion imprinting method. Additionally, electrochemical etching can be utilized, where controlled anodic or cathodic conditions are used to etch away parts of the electrode material, forming an electrochemical sensor surface with specific microstructures and potentially porous structures. However, these methods are relatively more complex compared to the ion imprinting technique mentioned in the manuscript. They require additional instrumentation, more elaborate preparation steps, or new chemical reagents.

 

8. Also, it is mentioned only that the Pb²⁺ into the chitosan-based film fabricated with ion imprinting followed by elution resulted in the creation of a cavity in chitosan. What is the existing mechanism behind the formation, and how the size of the cavity to be controlled, since a larger cavity size may also result in poor performance of the electrodes?

8) Ion imprinting technology can effectively achieve the selective screening of specific metal ions. Beyond electrochemical detection, this technique has a wide range of applications (10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125772). In the context of electrochemical detection, the ion imprinting technique used to incorporate Pb²⁺ ions into the chitosan-based film, followed by elution, indeed results in the formation of cavities within the chitosan. The mechanism behind this involves the initial binding of Pb²⁺ ions to the functional groups within the chitosan matrix during the imprinting process. Upon elution, these Pb²⁺ ions are removed, leaving behind cavities that are complementary in size and coordination environment to the Pb²⁺ ions. To avoid excessively large cavities, optimizing the overall synthesis parameters is undoubtedly feasible. This includes adjusting the polymer cross-linking density, the amount of template ion added, and the elution conditions for the template ions (such as pH, temperature, and the type of elution solvent). In addition to forming pores of a specific size, the effectiveness of the ion imprinting method in enriching/selecting certain metal ions is also due to the combined effects of the physical structure of the pores and the functional groups within the pores (such as -NH₂) (10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120596). Furthermore, advanced techniques such as self-assembly can achieve precise control over the thickness of the imprinted layer (10.1016/j.apsadv.2023.100514). By considering these factors, the performance and reliability of electrochemical sensors using ion imprinting technology can be enhanced.

 

9. In each section, there is a lack of scientific discussion, especially about the electrochemical mechanisms of each mentioned catalytic materials towards the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions.

9) Thank you for your valuable feedback. We have revised and supplemented the entire text to address the issue you raised regarding the lack of scientific discussion, particularly about the electrochemical mechanisms of each mentioned catalytic material towards the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions. These revisions, highlighted in yellow, provide a more thorough explanation of the underlying electrochemical mechanisms, thereby enhancing the overall scientific discussion.

 

10. Since, the theme of the review is about the electrochemical sensor, the electrode plays a significant role in it particularly when looking for industrial applications. I suggest the authors to address and discuss about the different kinds of electrodes used for the fabrication of MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, MOFs, and carbon-based materials, etc in the electrochemical detection of Pb ions.

10) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. We have revised the manuscript to address the discussion of different types of electrodes used for the fabrication of MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, MOFs, and carbon-based materials in the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions. In fact, there are numerous inorganic functional materials represented by MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, and MOFs. The main focus of this manuscript is to exemplify and discuss several classic types of these materials. These inorganic functional materials share several common features: they can be synthesized using various methods to achieve precise surface morphology control; they possess extremely high surface areas and numerous active sites/defects, which contribute to the enrichment of trace amounts of Pb²⁺ ions. However, their intrinsic electron transfer capabilities are often limited. Therefore, they need to be used in conjunction with materials that have good electron transfer abilities, such as carbon nanomaterials and metal nanomaterials, to achieve a synergistic effect in the detection of trace Pb²⁺ ions, as shown in Figure 2 and described in the corresponding Text S1. In summary, this manuscript categorizes MXenes, CoFe₂O₄, MOFs, and similar materials as inorganic multifunctional materials that perform poorly when used alone but exhibit outstanding results when combined rationally. We provide multiple examples from different perspectives to illustrate the hypotheses proposed in Figure 2 (synergistic effects).

 

11. In the Future Perspectives section, address how the electrochemical sensor can be used in real-time Pb detection and how it would be better in terms of technological and scientific compared with other existing techniques.

11) Thank you for your insightful comment. In the Future Perspectives section, we have discussed how electrochemical sensors can be utilized for real-time Pb²⁺ detection, emphasizing their technological and scientific advantages over existing techniques. Electrochemical sensors provide immediate feedback on Pb²⁺ levels through specific voltage patterns controlling adsorption-reduction-oxidation-dissolution processes, allowing for real-time monitoring. Their miniaturization and portability enable on-site testing, unlike traditional techniques like AAS or ICP-OES confined to laboratories. Additionally, they integrate seamlessly with electronic devices, facilitating data collection, analysis, and remote monitoring. By developing cost-effective synthesis methods for nanomaterials and optimizing sensor designs, electrochemical sensors become more affordable while maintaining high performance. These inherent advantages make electrochemical sensors superior alternatives to traditional methods, significantly improving detection capabilities and applicability in various settings.

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Enhancing Trace Pb²⁺ Detection via Novel Functional Materials for Improved Electrocatalytic Redox Processes on Electrochemical Sensors: A Short Review could be accepted in the journal after minor revisions. Here are the comments:

 

1. Abbreviations for LOD are repeated at minimum two times in the manuscript. Please check and correct.

2. The authors should present some electrochemical figures of the presented sensors for Pb²⁺.

Author Response

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Enhancing Trace Pb²⁺ Detection via Novel Functional Materials for Improved Electrocatalytic Redox Processes on Electrochemical Sensors: A Short Review could be accepted in the journal after minor revisions. Here are the comments:

Our response: We greatly appreciate your time and effort in reviewing our manuscript! We have conducted another thorough check to ensure that any remaining expressions are appropriately revised. Once again, we express our sincere gratitude for your diligent review and guidance.

 

1. Abbreviations for LOD are repeated at minimum two times in the manuscript. Please check and correct.

• We have addressed the redundancy by correcting the excess occurrences of “low detection limit” throughout the manuscript. Currently, the original terms and corresponding abbreviations (LOD) are retained only at the beginning of Chapter 3.

 

2. The authors should present some electrochemical figures of the presented sensors for Pb²⁺.

• Thank you for your valuable suggestion. We have expanded the introduction to further elaborate on the importance of selecting appropriate electrochemical sensing platforms and summarized current development trends. Based on this, we have included several typical electrochemical figures in Figure S1 to illustrate the presented sensors for Pb²⁺ detection (The corresponding description text is shown in Text S2).

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The author reported Enhancing Trace Pb²⁺ Detection via Novel Functional Materials for Improved Electrocatalytic Redox Processes on Electrochemical Sensors: A Short Review By addressing following comments, the article can provide a more comprehensive and informative review of the advancements in electrochemical sensors for Pb²⁺ detection.

In the introduction provide more detailed discussion on why electrochemical detection is preferred over other methods.

The review could benefit from citing recent advancements in related materials that exhibit promising electrochemical properties. For instance, the study titled "Structural, photocatalytic and electrochemical studies on facile combustion synthesized low-cost nano chromium (III) doped polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinels" provides valuable insights into the electrochemical behavior of nanomaterials.

The review can be further enriched by incorporating recent studies that explore electrochemical methodologies in related fields. For instance, the study titled "Electrochemical methodologies for investigating the antioxidant potential of plant and fruit extracts: A review" provides comprehensive insights into various electrochemical techniques and their applications

Consider including a brief summary of the main challenges faced in electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions.

The literature review lacks a comparative analysis of recent advancements in the field.

Add more recent studies to provide an updated perspective on the developments in  electrochemical sensors for Pb²⁺ detection.

Include details about the synthesis and characterization methods of the functional materials.

In discussion provide more in-depth analysis of the performance metrics (sensitivity, selectivity, detection limits) of the sensors.

Include any missing parameters that could influence the performance of the sensors, such as temperature, pH, and the presence of interfering substances.

Figures and tables should be more informative. Include additional data such as calibration curves, reproducibility tests, and stability assessments.

Ensure that all references are up-to-date and relevant. Include more recent studies to reflect the latest advancements in the field.

 

Comments on the Quality of English Language

minor check splleings are required

Author Response

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The author reported Enhancing Trace Pb²⁺ Detection via Novel Functional Materials for Improved Electrocatalytic Redox Processes on Electrochemical Sensors: A Short Review By addressing following comments, the article can provide a more comprehensive and informative review of the advancements in electrochemical sensors for Pb²⁺ detection.

Our response: We greatly appreciate your time and effort in reviewing our manuscript! We have conducted another thorough check to ensure that any remaining expressions are appropriately revised. Once again, we express our sincere gratitude for your diligent review and guidance.

 

1. In the introduction provide more detailed discussion on why electrochemical detection is preferred over other methods.

1) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. In response to your feedback and the similar comments from another reviewer, we have expanded the discussion in the Future Perspectives section to further emphasize why electrochemical detection is preferred over other methods. This includes a detailed examination of its advantages, particularly in the context of potential industrial applications and the need for real-time, continuous monitoring in the field.

 

2. The review could benefit from citing recent advancements in related materials that exhibit promising electrochemical properties. For instance, the study titled "Structural, photocatalytic and electrochemical studies on facile combustion synthesized low-cost nano chromium (III) doped polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinels" provides valuable insights into the electrochemical behavior of nanomaterials.

2) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. We appreciate your recommendation and have incorporated recent advancements in related materials, including the study titled "Structural, photocatalytic and electrochemical studies on facile combustion synthesized low-cost nano chromium (III) doped polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinels," into the appropriate sections of the manuscript. This inclusion provides valuable insights into the electrochemical behavior of nanomaterials, enriching the discussion and context of our review.

 

3. The review can be further enriched by incorporating recent studies that explore electrochemical methodologies in related fields. For instance, the study titled "Electrochemical methodologies for investigating the antioxidant potential of plant and fruit extracts: A review" provides comprehensive insights into various electrochemical techniques and their applications

3) Thank you for your insightful suggestion. We have taken into account the visual representation techniques employed in the study titled "Electrochemical Methodologies for Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Plant and Fruit Extracts: A Review." By incorporating similar figures and tables, we have added new content to our manuscript, making it more visually intuitive and comprehensible. This approach helps to better reveal the summarized scientific principles. Additionally, we have cited the mentioned article at appropriate sections to acknowledge its contribution and relevance to our work.

 

4. Consider including a brief summary of the main challenges faced in electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions.

4) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. We have addressed the challenges faced in the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions in the first part of the Future Perspectives section. Specifically, we discussed these challenges from three main perspectives: ①Catalytic Advancements: The development and integration of novel catalytic materials are essential to overcome limitations in sensitivity, selectivity, and interference. Future research should focus on hybrid composites combining metal oxides, MXenes, carbon nanomaterials, and biological macromolecules to enhance electrocatalytic redox reactions of Pb²⁺ ions. ②Cost Issues: High detection performance often requires complex electrode structures and precious metals, which are costly. Replacing these with cheaper functional materials, such as carbon nanomaterials and inexpensive metal/metal oxide nanomaterials, while developing functional polymeric coatings and new modification techniques, can reduce costs and improve stability. ③Interference Issues: Real-world substances can interfere with Pb²⁺ ion detection. Biomaterials with unique structures and active groups can improve selectivity, though their thermal stability and complexity can be challenging. These points comprehensively cover the main challenges and potential solutions.

 

5. The literature review lacks a comparative analysis of recent advancements in the field.

5) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. We have addressed the main challenges faced in the electrochemical detection of Pb²⁺ ions by including a brief summary in the revised manuscript. By incorporating the latest literature, we have identified and discussed key issues such as catalytic advancements, cost issues, and interference problems, providing a comprehensive overview of the current obstacles and potential solutions in this field.

 

6. Add more recent studies to provide an updated perspective on the developments in electrochemical sensors for Pb²⁺ detection.

6) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. As water pollution in the natural environment continues to intensify, along with the residual issues from industrialization in some developed countries (such as the use of lead-containing metal pipes for water transportation), the application of electrochemical detection technology for trace Pb²⁺ ions is of great value and potential. The aforementioned application scenarios represent only a subset of the electrochemical detection field. In the introduction and supplementary materials, we have summarized the types of currently advanced electrochemical sensors used in various electrochemical detection fields, accompanied by corresponding images (Figure S1) and textual descriptions (Text S2). The purpose is to encourage future researchers to integrate these electrochemical sensor types, which are currently applied across various electrochemical detection fields, with ongoing research on detecting trace Pb²⁺ ions. This integration, particularly focusing on the fundamental construction modes and modification methods of electrochemical sensors, aims to inspire new innovations and breakthroughs.

 

7. Include details about the synthesis and characterization methods of the functional materials.

7) Thank you for your valuable suggestion. In the introduction (and corresponding Figure S1 and Text S1), we have expanded the manuscript to include more recent studies, providing an updated perspective on the developments in electrochemical sensors for Pb²⁺ detection. We have discussed the selection and development characteristics of various electrochemical sensing platforms within the broader field of electrochemical detection. The development of current advanced electrochemical sensing platforms not only aims for miniaturization, microfabrication, and diverse form factors to suit a broader range of applications but also strives for improved sensitivity and detection limits. When the application scope is limited to the detection of trace lead ions, these advancements are essential for effectively monitoring and analyzing trace substances like Pb²⁺ ions in complex real-world environments. This provides a fresh perspective on the development of electrochemical sensors for Pb²⁺ detection. Achieving these objectives relies on the use of novel materials and the rational construction of sensor structures, which in turn emphasizes the importance of selecting functional materials to enhance sensor performance.

 

8. In discussion provide more in-depth analysis of the performance metrics (sensitivity, selectivity, detection limits) of the sensors.

8) Thank you for your insightful feedback. In this work, while we acknowledge the importance of detailed performance metrics, we have placed a greater emphasis on the selection and application of functional materials in electrochemical detection. Our aim is to highlight how material choice and sensor design can significantly influence practical applications. The following principles are derived from summarizing and discussing multiple studies in the field of electrochemical detection, showcasing the commonalities of the mentioned works and unique aspects of our work: ① Bare electrochemical sensing platforms (such as bare glassy carbon electrodes, bare screen-printed electrodes) often require surface modification due to their inherent limitations. These include limited surface area, common electrocatalytic redox reactions (such as hydrogen/oxygen evolution on noble metal electrodes), and limited electron transfer capabilities (e.g., bare glassy carbon electrodes compared to noble metal electrodes). ② With the rapid development of electrochemical detection technology, current cutting-edge research often focuses on developing the smallest possible sensors or those with special properties such as flexibility, aiming for the lowest possible detection limits. As highlighted in the added content of the Introduction section (see highlighted part), this trend underscores the importance of material selection and sensor structure design in achieving superior performance metrics like sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits. ③ Different functional materials possess distinct electrochemical properties. As illustrated in Figure 2, designing electrochemical sensors requires careful consideration of cost and the rational combination of different materials to achieve optimal synergistic effects. The discussions in Figure 2 and Text S1 provide intuitive and visual references for future electrochemical sensor design.

 

9. Include any missing parameters that could influence the performance of the sensors, such as temperature, pH, and the presence of interfering substances.

9) Thank you for your valuable feedback. The evaluation of optimal conditions and the assessment of interfering substances mentioned in the reviewer's comment primarily correspond to Chapter 4 of the manuscript. We have supplemented this chapter with the relevant information. Indeed, many studies on electrochemical sensors are conducted under specific agreed conditions or optimal conditions determined by the researchers. These studies aim to achieve the best performance of the fabricated electrochemical sensors, with some not even addressing interference issues. From the design of these sensors, it is evident that the focus is often on maximizing electrode surface area, electron transfer efficiency, etc., rather than achieving selective enrichment and response to specific metal ions. Therefore, such discussions are mainly covered in the relevant sections of Chapter 4.

 

10. Figures and tables should be more informative. Include additional data such as calibration curves, reproducibility tests, and stability assessments.

10) As mentioned in responses to comments 8 and 9, this manuscript aims to summarize the current development trends in the field of electrochemical sensing. It discusses the applications of different materials both individually and in combination, addressing the challenges faced in electrochemical detection of lead ions. Our objective is to provide valuable references for future electrochemical sensor design based on the summarized literature. Overall, this manuscript focuses more on the application-oriented study of the relationship between detection linear range/detection limits and material combinations. Furthermore, it should be noted that such data are standard metrics in most electrochemical detection studies, and their inclusion is generally expected across all related research works.

 

11. Ensure that all references are up-to-date and relevant. Include more recent studies to reflect the latest advancements in the field.

11) Thank you for your valuable feedback. We have ensured that the references cited in our manuscript, particularly those related to electrochemical examples, are predominantly recent publications. Additionally, in this revised submission, we have made a concerted effort to include new references that reflect the latest advancements in the field, selecting studies published in recent years. We believe this will provide a more current and comprehensive perspective on the topic.

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The authors have satisfactorily addressed all the comments, so I recommend the manuscript to be accepted. All the best.

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

author revised the manuscript and addressed all my comments . i recommended this article for Publishing