Tumor Acidity as Evolutionary Spite
1
Department of Biotechnology, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
2
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
E-Mail from the author has been changed to: [email protected]
Cancers 2011, 3(1), 408-414; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers3010408
Received: 7 December 2010 / Revised: 21 December 2010 / Accepted: 17 January 2011 / Published: 20 January 2011
Most cancer cells shift their metabolic pathway from a metabolism reflecting the Pasteur-effect into one reflecting the Warburg-effect. This shift creates an acidic microenvironment around the tumor and becomes the driving force for a positive carcinogenesis feedback loop. As a consequence of tumor acidity, the tumor microenvironment encourages a selection of certain cell phenotypes that are able to survive in this caustic environment to the detriment of other cell types. This selection can be described by a process which can be modeled upon spite: the tumor cells reduce their own fitness by making an acidic environment, but this reduces the fitness of their competitors to an even greater extent. Moreover, the environment is an important dimension that further drives this spite process. Thus, diminishing the selective environment most probably interferes with the spite process. Such interference has been recently utilized in cancer treatment.
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Keywords:
Warburg-effect; cannibalsim; spite; MAICS
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
MDPI and ACS Style
Alfarouk, K.O.; Muddathir, A.K.; Shayoub, M.E.A. Tumor Acidity as Evolutionary Spite. Cancers 2011, 3, 408-414. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers3010408
AMA Style
Alfarouk KO, Muddathir AK, Shayoub MEA. Tumor Acidity as Evolutionary Spite. Cancers. 2011; 3(1):408-414. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers3010408
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfarouk, Khalid O.; Muddathir, Abdel Khalig; Shayoub, Mohammed E. A. 2011. "Tumor Acidity as Evolutionary Spite" Cancers 3, no. 1: 408-414. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers3010408
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