The Omega-3 Docosahexaenoyl Ethanolamide Reduces CCL5 Secretion in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Affecting Tumor Progression and Macrophage Recruitment
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Cultures
2.2. Cell Viability Assay
2.3. Wound-Healing Assays
2.4. Transmigration Assays
2.5. Invasion Assays
2.6. Metabolic Flux Analysis with the Seahorse XFe96
2.7. Conditioned Medium Systems
2.8. Macrophage Recruitment
2.9. RNA Purification and Quantitative Reverse-Transcription Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.10. Cytokine Array
2.11. Protein–Protein Interaction Network
2.12. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.13. Immunofluorescence
2.14. Immunoblot Analysis
2.15. Stealth RNA Interference (siRNA)
2.16. Survival Kaplan-Meier Analysis
2.17. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Omega-3 Fatty Acid DHEA Affects Motility and Invasion of TNBC Cells
3.2. Metabolic Profiling of TNBC Cell Lines Treated with DHEA
3.3. Effects of Conditioned Media from Breast Cancer Cells Treated with DHEA on Macrophage Biology
3.4. DHEA Modulates the Release of Chemokine CCL5 from TNBC Cells Affecting Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Macrophage Recruitment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Augimeri, G.; Fiorillo, M.; Morelli, C.; Panza, S.; Giordano, C.; Barone, I.; Catalano, S.; Sisci, D.; Andò, S.; Bonofiglio, D. The Omega-3 Docosahexaenoyl Ethanolamide Reduces CCL5 Secretion in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Affecting Tumor Progression and Macrophage Recruitment. Cancers 2023, 15, 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030819
Augimeri G, Fiorillo M, Morelli C, Panza S, Giordano C, Barone I, Catalano S, Sisci D, Andò S, Bonofiglio D. The Omega-3 Docosahexaenoyl Ethanolamide Reduces CCL5 Secretion in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Affecting Tumor Progression and Macrophage Recruitment. Cancers. 2023; 15(3):819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030819
Chicago/Turabian StyleAugimeri, Giuseppina, Marco Fiorillo, Catia Morelli, Salvatore Panza, Cinzia Giordano, Ines Barone, Stefania Catalano, Diego Sisci, Sebastiano Andò, and Daniela Bonofiglio. 2023. "The Omega-3 Docosahexaenoyl Ethanolamide Reduces CCL5 Secretion in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Affecting Tumor Progression and Macrophage Recruitment" Cancers 15, no. 3: 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030819