Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
Association between the Human Microbiome and PCa Pathogenesis
2. The “Prostate Microbiome”
2.1. Intraprostatic Microbiome
2.2. Genitourinary Microbiome
2.3. Gut Microbiome
3. Microbiome-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)
3.1. The Mechanism of SCFAs in Cells
3.2. The Role of SCFAs in PCa Carcinogenesis
3.3. The Effect of Microbiome-Derived SCFAs on Response to Cancer Immunotherapy
3.4. Gut Microbiota and SCFA Profile Disparities among Different Race/Ethnic Groups
3.5. The Effect of Microbiome-Derived SCFAs on PCa Progression via Epigenetics
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microbiome derived-SCFAs | Metabolite | Effect on Host Epigenetic Changes: Putative or Demonstrated | Model System | Outcome |
Acetate | Putative | In vitro, mammalian cell culture | Increases histone acetylation [156] | |
Butyrate | Demonstrated | In vitro, mammalian cell culture, human, mouse | HDAC inhibition [157,158], HAT activation, and protection from colorectal cancer [159,160]; protection from HFD-induced metabolic syndrome, and is linked with deceased HDAC activity [161]; increase in histone acetylation in HT-29 cells [98]; modest increase in HDAC3 and HDAC5 expression in gut organoids [162] | |
Propionate | Putative | In vitro mammalian cell culture; intestinal organoids | Weak–modest HDC inhibition in vitro (<butyrate) [158]; increase in histone acetylation in HT-29 cells [98]; modest increase in HDAC3 and HDAC5 expression in gut organoids [162] |
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Miya, T.V.; Marima, R.; Damane, B.P.; Ledet, E.M.; Dlamini, Z. Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancers 2023, 15, 4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164086
Miya TV, Marima R, Damane BP, Ledet EM, Dlamini Z. Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancers. 2023; 15(16):4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164086
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiya, Thabiso Victor, Rahaba Marima, Botle Precious Damane, Elisa Marie Ledet, and Zodwa Dlamini. 2023. "Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms" Cancers 15, no. 16: 4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164086
APA StyleMiya, T. V., Marima, R., Damane, B. P., Ledet, E. M., & Dlamini, Z. (2023). Dissecting Microbiome-Derived SCFAs in Prostate Cancer: Analyzing Gut Microbiota, Racial Disparities, and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancers, 15(16), 4086. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164086