The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. CXC Chemokine Family and the CXCL/CXCR Signaling Axes
3. CXC Chemokines and Tumor Angiogenesis
4. CXC Chemokines and Tumor-Associated Inflammation
CXC Chemokine | Stimulus * | References | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPS | TNF | IL-1 | IFN-γ | ||
CXCL1/GRO-α | + | + | + | - | [96] |
CXCL2/GRO-β | + | + | + | ND | [49,97,98] |
CXCL3/GRO-γ | + | + | + | ND | [84,99,100] |
CXCL4/PF4 | + | ND | ND | ND | [101] |
CXCL5/ENA-78 | + | + | + | - | [96] |
CXCL6/GCP-2 | + | + | + | - | [102] |
CXCL7/NAP-2 | + | + | + | + | [84,103] |
CXCL8/IL-8 | + | + | + | - | [96,102] |
CXCL9/MIG | + | - | - | + | [96,100] |
CXCL10/IP-10 | + | + | + | + | [96] |
CXCL11/I-TAC | + | + | + | + | [104,105] |
5. CXC Chemokines and Tumor Metastasis
6. Application of CXC Chemokines for Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CXC Chemokine | Alternative Name | Receptor | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
CXCL1 | Melanoma growth -stimulating activity (MGSA)-α/Growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α | CXCR2 |
| [8,13,20,31,48] |
CXCL2 | MGSA β/GRO-β/ Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) | CXCR2 |
| [20,21,22,49] |
CXCL3 | MGSA γ/GRO-γ | CXCR2 |
| [9,20,21,22,31] |
CXCL4 | Platelet factor 4 (PF4) | CXCR3 |
| [21,22,27] |
CXCL5 | Epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating factor-78 (ENA-78) | CXCR1 CXCR2 |
| [20,33,35,50] |
CXCL6 | Granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) | CXCR1 CXCR2 |
| [20,51,52] |
CXCL7 | Neutrophil-activating polypeptide-2 (NAP-2) | CXCR2 |
| [20,21,22] |
CXCL8 | Interleukin-8 (IL-8) | CXCR1 CXCR2 |
| [20,32,50] |
CXCL9 | Monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG) | CXCR3 |
| [21,22,53,54] |
CXCL10 | Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) | CXCR3 |
| [21,22,53,54,55] |
CXCL11 | Interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC) | CXCR3 |
| [21,22,41,54] |
CXCL12 | Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) | CXCR4 CXCR7 |
| [28,38,40,41] |
CXCL13 | B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) | CXCR3 CXCR5 |
| [47,56,57] |
CXC Chemokines | Signaling Pathways | Tumor Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|
CXCL1 |
|
| [8,11,12,14,20,34,36,69,70] |
CXCL5 |
|
| [33,35,71] |
CXCL8 | PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways |
| [17,32,60] |
CXCL1/3 | TGF-β signaling pathway |
| [31] |
CXCL1/5 | CXCR2/STAT3 pathway |
| [7] |
CXCL1/2/4 | NF-κB pathway |
| [27] |
CXCL1/2/8 | NF-κB pathway |
| [37] |
CXCL12 |
|
| [38,39,40,42,43,46] |
CXCL11/12 | β-arrestin signaling |
| [41] |
CXCL13 | NF-κB pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, ERK/MAPK pathway, STAT3 pathway |
| [30,44,45,47] |
Cancer Type | CXC Chemokine | Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|
Lung cancer | CXCL1/2/5/6/7 CXCL4/8/9/10//11(early-stage) | Tumor promotion | [81,116,117,138] |
Gastric cancer (GC) | CXCL1/13 CXCL5/8 (late-stage) | Tumor promotion. CXCL13 could be used to stratify GC patients in the T2–4 stage, and low expression of it predicts better therapy response | [110,120,134,135] |
Colorectal cancer (CRC) | CXCL1/2/3/5/8/11 (up) CXCL12/14 (down) | Tumor promotion | [133] |
Esophageal adenocarcinoma | CXCL8 (late-stage) | Tumor promotion | [136] |
Oral squamous carcinoma | CXCL1 | Tumor promotion | [13] |
Pancreatic carcinoma | CXCL3/8/12 | Tumor promotion | [9,85,121] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | CXCL1/3/5 CXCL13 (late-stage) | Tumor promotion | [10,137] |
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) | CXCL1/2/8 | Tumor promotion | [37] |
Cervical cancer | CXCL1/2 | Tumor promotion | [119] |
Ovarian cancer | CXCL1/9 | Tumor promotion | [118] |
Prostate cancer | CXCL8/13 | Tumor promotion | [32,44] |
Bladder cancer | CXCL1/5/8/12 | Tumor promotion | [113,114,139,140] |
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | CXCL7 (down) | Tumor promotion | [138] |
Melanoma | CXCL1/8 | Tumor promotion | [20,141] |
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) | CXCL5/8 | Tumor promotion | [142,143] |
Thyroid cancer | CXCL8/12 CXCL10 (down) | Tumor promotion | [115,144,145] |
Liposarcoma, Osteosarcoma | CXCL4 (early-stage) | Tumor promotion | [112] |
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | CXCL13 | Tumor promotion | [57] |
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Wu, T.; Yang, W.; Sun, A.; Wei, Z.; Lin, Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers 2023, 15, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010167
Wu T, Yang W, Sun A, Wei Z, Lin Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers. 2023; 15(1):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010167
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Tiantian, Wannian Yang, Aiqin Sun, Zhixiao Wei, and Qiong Lin. 2023. "The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression" Cancers 15, no. 1: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010167