68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Performance and Association with Clinical and Histopathological Data
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI Acquisition Protocol
- an axial T2 weighted sequence with large field of view (FOV): FSE, TR = 10,235 ms; TE = 99.7 ms, FOV = 32 × 32 cm2; voxel size = 0.9 × 0.9 × 5 mm3,
- an axial T2 weighted sequence with small FOV: PROPELLER, TR = 9578 ms, TE = 151 ms, FOV = 18 × 18 cm2, voxel size = 0.6 × 0.6 × 3 mm3,
- a sagittal T2 weighted sequence with small FOV: PROPELLER, TR = 9578 ms, TE = 151 ms, FOV = 18 × 18 cm2, voxel size = 0.6 × 0.6 × 3 mm3,
- a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence with small FOV: TR = 6643 ms, TR = 79.5 ms, FOV = 18 × 18 cm2, voxel size = 1.8 × 1.8 × 3 mm3; b = 50, 800, 1400; 2000 s/mm2 and ADC maps,
- T1-Lava Flex sequence of the whole pelvic region pre-contrast and post-contrast: TR = 5 ms, TE = 1.7 ms, FOV: 44 × 35.2 cm2, voxel size = 1.3 × 1.2 × 2 mm3,
- a high temporal resolution T1 perfusion sequence after IV injection of 0.1 mmol/kg bolus of gadobutrol (Gadovist, Bayer Schering Pharma, Germany) at a flow rate of 3.5 mL/s: DISCO, TR = 5.1 ms, TE = 1.7 ms, FOV = 29 × 29 cm2, Voxel size = 1.9 × 2.2 × 3 mm 3, 88 dynamics.
2.3. 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI Acquisition Protocol
2.4. PET/MR Image Analysis
2.5. Lesion Validation
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. PET/MRI Findings and Comparison between 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2
3.3. Associations between Semi-Quantitative Imaging Parameters and Clinical Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Cornford, P.; van den Bergh, R.C.N.; Briers, E.; Van den Broeck, T.; Cumberbatch, M.G.; De Santis, M.; Fanti, S.; Fossati, N.; Gandaglia, G.; Gillessen, S.; et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II-2020 Update: Treatment of Relapsing and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur. Urol. 2021, 79, 263–282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ploussard, G.; Almeras, C.; Briganti, A.; Giannarini, G.; Hennequin, C.; Ost, P.; Renard-Penna, R.; Salin, A.; Lebret, T.; Villers, A.; et al. Management of Node Only Recurrence after Primary Local Treatment for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J. Urol. 2015, 194, 983–988. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Strauss, D.S.; Sachpekidis, C.; Kopka, K.; Pan, L.; Haberkorn, U.; Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, A. Pharmacokinetic studies of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: Detection, differences in temporal distribution and kinetic modelling by tissue type. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2021, 48, 4472–4482. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maurer, T.; Eiber, M.; Schwaiger, M.; Gschwend, J.E. Current use of PSMA-PET in prostate cancer management. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2016, 13, 226–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Han, S.; Woo, S.; Kim, Y.J.; Suh, C.H. Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET on the Management of Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur. Urol. 2018, 74, 179–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fendler, W.P.; Ferdinandus, J.; Czernin, J.; Eiber, M.; Flavell, R.R.; Behr, S.C.; Wu, I.K.; Lawhn-Heath, C.; Pampaloni, M.H.; Reiter, R.E.; et al. Impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET on the Management of Recurrent Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial. J. Nucl. Med. 2020, 61, 1793–1799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mansi, R.; Fleischmann, A.; Macke, H.R.; Reubi, J.C. Targeting GRPR in urological cancers—From basic research to clinical application. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2013, 10, 235–244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mena, E.; Lindenberg, L.M.; Choyke, P.L. New Targets for PET Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Semin. Nucl. Med. 2019, 49, 326–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wieser, G.; Popp, I.; Christian Rischke, H.; Drendel, V.; Grosu, A.L.; Bartholoma, M.; Weber, W.A.; Mansi, R.; Wetterauer, U.; Schultze-Seemann, W.; et al. Diagnosis of recurrent prostate cancer with PET/CT imaging using the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonist 68Ga-RM2: Preliminary results in patients with negative or inconclusive [(18)F]Fluoroethylcholine-PET/CT. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2017, 44, 1463–1472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baratto, L.; Song, H.; Duan, H.; Hatami, N.; Bagshaw, H.; Buyyounouski, M.; Hancock, S.; Shah, S.A.; Srinivas, S.; Swift, P.; et al. PSMA- and GRPR-targeted PET: Results from 50 Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. J. Nucl. Med. 2021, 62, 1545–1549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iagaru, A. Will GRPR Compete with PSMA as a Target in Prostate Cancer? J. Nucl. Med. 2017, 58, 1883–1884. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mapelli, P.; Ghezzo, S.; Samanes Gajate, A.M.; Preza, E.; Brembilla, G.; Cucchiara, V.; Ahmed, N.; Bezzi, C.; Presotto, L.; Bettinardi, V.; et al. Preliminary Results of an Ongoing Prospective Clinical Trial on the Use of 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 2068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fassbender, T.F.; Schiller, F.; Zamboglou, C.; Drendel, V.; Kiefer, S.; Jilg, C.A.; Grosu, A.L.; Mix, M. Voxel-based comparison of [68Ga]Ga-RM2-PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET/CT with histopathology for diagnosis of primary prostate cancer. EJNMMI Res. 2020, 10, 62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Minamimoto, R.; Hancock, S.; Schneider, B.; Chin, F.T.; Jamali, M.; Loening, A.; Vasanawala, S.; Gambhir, S.S.; Iagaru, A. Pilot Comparison of (6)(8)Ga-RM2 PET and (6)(8)Ga-PSMA-11 PET in Patients with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. J. Nucl. Med. 2016, 57, 557–562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Panebianco, V.; Barchetti, F.; Sciarra, A.; Musio, D.; Forte, V.; Gentile, V.; Tombolini, V.; Catalano, C. Prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy: The role of 3-T diffusion imaging in multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging. Eur. Radiol. 2013, 23, 1745–1752. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Park, J.J.; Kim, C.K.; Park, S.Y.; Park, B.K.; Lee, H.M.; Cho, S.W. Prostate cancer: Role of pretreatment multiparametric 3-T MRI in predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2014, 202, W459–W465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Roach, M., 3rd; Hanks, G.; Thames, H., Jr.; Schellhammer, P.; Shipley, W.U.; Sokol, G.H.; Sandler, H. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: Recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2006, 65, 965–974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baratto, L.; Duan, H.; Laudicella, R.; Toriihara, A.; Hatami, N.; Ferri, V.; Iagaru, A. Physiological 68Ga-RM2 uptake in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: An atlas of semi-quantitative measurements. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2020, 47, 115–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Demirci, E.; Sahin, O.E.; Ocak, M.; Akovali, B.; Nematyazar, J.; Kabasakal, L. Normal distribution pattern and physiological variants of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging. Nucl. Med. Commun. 2016, 37, 1169–1179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Draulans, C.; De Roover, R.; van der Heide, U.A.; Kerkmeijer, L.; Smeenk, R.J.; Pos, F.; Vogel, W.V.; Nagarajah, J.; Janssen, M.; Isebaert, S.; et al. Optimal 68Ga-PSMA and (18)F-PSMA PET window levelling for gross tumour volume delineation in primary prostate cancer. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2021, 48, 1211–1218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria, 2019; Available online: https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed on 30 November 2021).
- Fendler, W.P.; Calais, J.; Eiber, M.; Flavell, R.R.; Mishoe, A.; Feng, F.Y.; Nguyen, H.G.; Reiter, R.E.; Rettig, M.B.; Okamoto, S.; et al. Assessment of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET Accuracy in Localizing Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019, 5, 856–863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hoffmann, M.A.; Buchholz, H.G.; Wieler, H.J.; Miederer, M.; Rosar, F.; Fischer, N.; Muller-Hubenthal, J.; Trampert, L.; Pektor, S.; Schreckenberger, M. PSA and PSA Kinetics Thresholds for the Presence of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-Detectable Lesions in Patients With Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Afshar-Oromieh, A.; da Cunha, M.L.; Wagner, J.; Haberkorn, U.; Debus, N.; Weber, W.; Eiber, M.; Holland-Letz, T.; Rauscher, I. Performance of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after prostatectomy-a multi-centre evaluation of 2533 patients. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2021, 48, 2925–2934. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giesel, F.L.; Knorr, K.; Spohn, F.; Will, L.; Maurer, T.; Flechsig, P.; Neels, O.; Schiller, K.; Amaral, H.; Weber, W.A.; et al. Detection Efficacy of (18)F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in 251 Patients with Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy. J. Nucl. Med. 2019, 60, 362–368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kranzbuhler, B.; Nagel, H.; Becker, A.S.; Muller, J.; Huellner, M.; Stolzmann, P.; Muehlematter, U.; Guckenberger, M.; Kaufmann, P.A.; Eberli, D.; et al. Clinical performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for the detection of recurrent prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2018, 45, 20–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hoffmann, M.A.; Buchholz, H.G.; Wieler, H.J.; Hofner, T.; Muller-Hubenthal, J.; Trampert, L.; Schreckenberger, M. The positivity rate of 68Gallium-PSMA-11 ligand PET/CT depends on the serum PSA-value in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2019, 10, 6124–6137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- von Eyben, F.E.; Picchio, M.; von Eyben, R.; Rhee, H.; Bauman, G. 68Ga-Labeled Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Ligand Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur. Urol. Focus 2018, 4, 686–693. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ceci, F.; Uprimny, C.; Nilica, B.; Geraldo, L.; Kendler, D.; Kroiss, A.; Bektic, J.; Horninger, W.; Lukas, P.; Decristoforo, C.; et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for restaging recurrent prostate cancer: Which factors are associated with PET/CT detection rate? Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2015, 42, 1284–1294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pereira Mestre, R.; Treglia, G.; Ferrari, M.; Pascale, M.; Mazzara, C.; Azinwi, N.C.; Llado, A.; Stathis, A.; Giovanella, L.; Roggero, E. Correlation between PSA kinetics and PSMA-PET in prostate cancer restaging: A meta-analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Investig. 2019, 49, e13063. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Pt | Age (years) | GS | PSA (ng/mL) | Treatment | Adjuvant Therapy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 64 | 4 + 4 | 9.86 | RP | None |
2 | 66 | 4 + 3 | 0.53 | RP | None |
3 | 75 | 3 + 3 | 0.54 | RP | None |
4 | 78 | 4 + 5 | 0.212 | RP | RT |
5 | 73 | 4 + 3 | 4.75 | RP | RT |
6 | 77 | 4 + 4 | 0.237 | RP | None |
7 | 58 | 4 + 3 | 1.3 | RP | None |
8 | 64 | 4 + 3 | 2.5 | RP | RT |
9 | 79 | 4 + 5 | 2 | RP | RT; ADT |
10 | 49 | 4 + 5 | 0.82 | RP | None |
11 | 84 | NA | 3.24 | RT | None |
12 | 79 | 5 + 3 | 1.53 | RP | RT; ADT |
13 | 75 | 3 + 4 | 0.39 | RP | None |
14 | 78 | 4 + 5 | 0.5 | RP | RT |
15 | 76 | 4 + 5 | 0.41 | RP | RT |
16 | 67 | 4 + 4 | 2 | RP | None |
17 | 76 | 3 + 4 | 0.41 | RP | None |
18 | 81 | NA | 3.53 | RT | None |
19 | 71 | 4 + 3 | 4.3 | RP | RT |
20 | 72 | 3 + 4 | 0.22 | RP | RT |
21 | 77 | 2 + 4 | 1.21 | RP | None |
22 | 77 | 4 + 5 | 4.63 | RP | RT |
23 | 50 | 5 + 5 | 14.4 | RP | None |
24 | 69 | 4 + 5 | 0.2 | RP | None |
25 | 59 | 4 + 4 | 0.26 | RP | None |
26 | 53 | NA | 0.25 | RP | None |
27 | 75 | 4 + 3 | 0.27 | RP | None |
28 | 62 | 3 + 3 | 0.68 | RP | None |
29 | 70 | 5 + 4 | 2.16 | RP | None |
30 | 73 | 4 + 3 | 0.4 | RP | None |
31 | 64 | 4 + 5 | 0.23 | RP | None |
32 | 69 | NA | 0.37 | RP | RT |
33 | 74 | 5 + 4 | 0.74 | RP | RT |
34 | 62 | 5 + 4 | 0.34 | RP | RT |
35 | 60 | 4 + 3 | 0.48 | RP | None |
Pt | 68Ga-PSMA Findings | 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 Findings | PET Findings Validation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Left perirectal lesion | Left perirectal lesion | Confirmation on conventional imaging at baseline |
2 | Right obturator LN; right laterocervical LN | Right obturator LN | Right obturator LN confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
3 | Negative | Negative | No evidence of disease on conventional imaging either at baseline or follow-up |
4 | Left humerus | NA | Decrease in PSA level greater than 50% after RT on the site of pathological 68Ga-PSMA uptake |
5 | Left supraclavicular LN; 2 left paraortic LNs; left iliac bone; left sacral ala | Left synchondrosis; 8 left paraortic LNs; interaortocaval LN; left retroclavicular LN; 2 right retrocrural LNs; 2 left common iliac LNs | Left iliac bone and left sacral ala confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
6 | Negative | NA | No evidence of disease on conventional imaging either at baseline or follow-up and stable level of PSA during follow-up |
7 | Negative | Negative | No evidence of disease on conventional imaging or 11C-choline and 68Ga-PSMA PET either at baseline or follow-up |
8 | Bilateral prostatic fossa (2) | Negative | Progression on follow-up 68Ga-PSMA PET studies associated with an increase in PSA level |
9 | Left lateral rectal wall; left common iliac LN; left paramedian presacral LN | left lateral rectal wall; left common iliac LN; left paramedian presacral LN | Left lateral rectal wall confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
10 | Right iliac ala | NA | Decrease in PSA level greater than 50% after RT on the site of pathological 68Ga-PSMA uptake |
11 | Right prostate lobe; right internal iliac LN; left iliac bone | Right prostate lobe | Disappearance of 68Ga-PSMA uptake on follow-up PET scans after systemic treatment associated with a decrease in PSA level greater than 50% |
12 | Right vesical-urethral anastomosis; 2 left laterocervical LNs; left retroclavicular LN; left dorsal LN | Right vesical-urethral anastomosis | Right vesical-urethral anastomosis confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
13 | Right vesical-urethral anastomosis; left common iliac LN | Left common iliac LN | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
14 | Negative | Negative | Evidence of disease on conventional imaging at baseline (vesical-urethral anastomosis and right iliac bone) and increase in PSA level during follow-up |
15 | Right vesical-urethral anastomosis | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
16 | Left pubis; right V rib | Negative | Left pubis confirmed by conventional imaging at baseline |
17 | Negative | NA | Evidence of disease on conventional imaging at baseline (vesical-urethral anastomosis) |
18 | Negative | Negative | No evidence of disease on conventional imaging either at baseline or follow-up |
19 | Left pulmonary hilum; left acetabulum | Left pulmonary hilum | Disappearance of 68Ga-PSMA uptake on follow-up PET scans after systemic treatment associated with a decrease in PSA level greater than 50% |
20 | Left retrolateral vesical-urethral anastomosis | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
21 | Left obturator LN, left III rib | Left obturator LN; left III rib | Confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
22 | Bilateral iliac LNs (2); left rectus abdominis muscle; bilateral pleura (2) | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline. Pleura confirmed on histological analysis of surgically resected specimens. |
23 | Multiple LNs (16); multiple skeletal lesions (27) | Left retroclavicular LN; left paraortic LN; multiple hips (6) | Multiple LN and skeletal lesions confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
24 | Right perirectal LN; right pubic bone | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
25 | Small trochanter | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline and decrease in PSA level greater than 50% after RT on the site of pathological 68Ga-PSMA uptake |
26 | Negative | Negative | Evidence of disease on conventional imaging at baseline (paraortic and aortocaval LN) |
27 | Right VIII rib | Negative | No evidence of disease on conventional imaging either at baseline or follow-up |
28 | D7 right hemisome | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
29 | D10 right hemisome, right X rib, D8 | D10 right hemisome | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
30 | Negative | Negative | No evidence of disease on conventional imaging either at baseline or follow-up |
31 | Negative | Right thigh-bone | Confirmation of 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
32 | Paracaval LN | Negative | Confirmation of 68Ga-PSMA PET findings on conventional imaging at baseline |
33 | Right iliac LN; 2 right obturator LNs | Right iliac LN; 2 right obturator LNs | Confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline and disappearance of 68Ga-PSMA uptake on follow-up PET scans after systemic treatment associated with a decrease in PSA level greater than 50% |
34 | Left IX rib | Left IX rib | Confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
35 | Right obturator LN | Right obturator LN | Confirmed on conventional imaging at baseline |
Imaging Modality | Stratification | No. of Patients | Positive Results, No. (%) | p Value | Adjusted p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI | PSA | ||||
<0.5 | 15 | 10 (67) | 0.339 | 0.509 | |
0.5–2 | 9 | 6 (67) | |||
≥2 | 11 | 10 (91) | |||
PSA DT | |||||
<6 | 9 | 9 (100) | 0.022 | 0.065 | |
≥6 | 16 | 8 (50) | |||
Not available | 10 | 9 (90) | |||
GS | |||||
≤3 + 4 | 6 | 4 (67) | 0.603 | 0.603 | |
≥4 + 3 | 24 | 19 (79) | |||
Not available | 5 | 3 (60) | |||
68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI | PSA | ||||
<0.5 | 12 | 4 (33) | 0.390 | 0.993 | |
0.5–2 | 8 | 4 (50) | |||
≥2 | 11 | 7 (64) | |||
PSA DT | |||||
<6 | 9 | 4 (44) | 0.662 | 0.993 | |
≥6 | 13 | 4 (31) | |||
Not available | 9 | 7 (78) | |||
GS | |||||
≤3 + 4 | 5 | 2 (40) | 1 | 1 | |
≥4 + 3 | 21 | 11 (52) | |||
Not available | 5 | 2 (40) |
Imaging Modality | Stratification | Positive Lesions, No. (Average) |
---|---|---|
68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI | PSA | |
<0.5 | 12 (0.8) | |
0.5–2 | 14 (1.56) | |
≥2 | 69 (6.27) | |
PSA DT | ||
<6 | 15 (1.67) | |
≥6 | 17 (1.06) | |
Not available | 63 (6.3) | |
GS | ||
≤3 + 4 | 6 (1) | |
≥4 + 3 | 84 (3.5) | |
Not available | 5 (1) | |
68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI | PSA | |
<0.5 | 4 (0.33) | |
0.5–2 | 7 (0.88) | |
≥2 | 30 (2.73) | |
PSA DT | ||
<6 | 4 (0.44) | |
≥6 | 4 (0.31) | |
Not available | 33 (3.66) | |
GS | ||
≤3 + 4 | 3 (0.6) | |
≥4 + 3 | 36 (1.71) | |
Not available | 2 (0.4) |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Mapelli, P.; Ghezzo, S.; Samanes Gajate, A.M.; Preza, E.; Palmisano, A.; Cucchiara, V.; Brembilla, G.; Bezzi, C.; Rigamonti, R.; Magnani, P.; et al. 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Performance and Association with Clinical and Histopathological Data. Cancers 2022, 14, 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020334
Mapelli P, Ghezzo S, Samanes Gajate AM, Preza E, Palmisano A, Cucchiara V, Brembilla G, Bezzi C, Rigamonti R, Magnani P, et al. 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Performance and Association with Clinical and Histopathological Data. Cancers. 2022; 14(2):334. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020334
Chicago/Turabian StyleMapelli, Paola, Samuele Ghezzo, Ana Maria Samanes Gajate, Erik Preza, Anna Palmisano, Vito Cucchiara, Giorgio Brembilla, Carolina Bezzi, Riccardo Rigamonti, Patrizia Magnani, and et al. 2022. "68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic Performance and Association with Clinical and Histopathological Data" Cancers 14, no. 2: 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020334