TNFRSF1A Gene Polymorphism (−610 T > G, rs4149570) as a Predictor of Malnutrition and a Prognostic Factor in Patients Subjected to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Due to Head and Neck Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Group
2.2. Treatment
2.3. Assessment of Disease Stage of Advancement, Patient’s Performance and Nutritional Status
2.4. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
2.5. Determination of TNFRSF1A Polymorphism
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Group
3.2. The Influence of the Demographic, Clinical, and Genetic Variables on the Risk of Malnutrition According to SGA
3.2.1. Univariable Analysis
3.2.2. Multivariable Analysis
3.3. The Influence of the Demographic, Clinical, and Genetic Variables on the Nutritional Risk According to NRS-2002
3.3.1. Univariable Analysis
3.3.2. Multivariable Analysis
3.4. The Influence of the Demographic, Clinical, Nutritional, and Genetic Variables on the Risk of the Necessary Application of Parenteral Nutrition
3.4.1. Univariable Analysis
3.4.2. Multivariable Analysis
3.5. The Influence of the Demographic, Clinical, Nutritional, and Genetic Variables on the Risk of CWL
3.5.1. Univariable Analysis
3.5.2. Multivariable Analysis
3.6. Overall Survival
3.6.1. Univariable Analysis
3.6.2. Multivariable Analysis
3.7. Comparisons of Demographic, Laboratory, and Nutritional Variables According to TNFRSF1A Genotypes
3.8. Comparisons of Demographic, Laboratory, and Nutritional Variables According to SGA Category
3.9. Comparisons of Demographic, Laboratory and Nutritional Variables According to NRS Category
3.10. Comparisons of Demographic, Laboratory and Nutritional Variables According to CWL
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Study Group (n = 77) | |
---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 62 (80.5%) |
Female | 15 (19.5%) | |
Age [years] | Median (range) | 63 (42–87) |
≥63 | 39 (50.6%) | |
<63 | 38 (49.4%) | |
Histopathological diagnosis | Squamous cell carcinoma | 71 (92.2%) |
Non-squamous cell carcinoma | 6 (77.8%) | |
Tumor location | Oropharynx | 29 (37.7%) |
Larynx | 39 (50.6%) | |
Other sites a | 9 (11.7%) | |
T stage | T1 | 3 (3.9%) |
T2 | 12 (15.6%) | |
T3 | 27 (35.1%) | |
T4 | 35 (45.4%) | |
N stage | N0 | 27 (35.1%) |
N1 | 9 (11.7%) | |
N2 | 35 (45.4%) | |
N3 | 6 (7.8%) | |
M stage | M0 | 67 (87%) |
M1 | 10 (13%) | |
Disease stage according to TNM | III | 22 (28.6%) |
IVA | 40 (51.9%) | |
IVB | 5 (6.5%) | |
IVC | 10 (13.0%) | |
Performance status | ≤1 | 21 (27.3%) |
>1 | 56 (72.7%) | |
Type of treatment | Surgery + RT | 31 (40.2%) |
Surgery + C-RT | 18 (23.4%) | |
RT alone | 12 (15.6%) | |
Induction CTH + RT | 3 (3.9%) | |
C-RT | 8 (10.4%) | |
Induction CTH + C-RT | 4 (5.2%) | |
Induction CTH + Surgery + C-RT | 1 (1.3%) | |
Excessive alcohol consumption | Yes | 35 (45.5%) |
No | 42 (54.5%) | |
Smoking status (ever) | Smoker | 59 (76.6%) |
Nonsmoker | 18 (23.4%) | |
Smoking status (currently) [no data: n = 18] | Current smoker | 52 (88.1%) |
Former smoker | 7 (11.9%) | |
Parenteral nutrition | Yes | 15 (19.5%) |
No | 62 (80.5%) | |
Weight [kg] | Median (range) | 67 (43–91) |
BMI [kg/m2] | Median (range) | 22.83 (14.5–34.4) |
SGA | A | 17 (22.1%) |
B | 34 (44.1%) | |
C | 26 (33.8%) | |
NRS-2002 | 2 | 54 (70.1%) |
3 | 20 (26.0%) | |
4 | 2 (2.6%) | |
5 | 1 (1.3%) | |
CWL | Yes | 28 (36.4%) |
No | 49 (63.6%) |
Variable | SGA | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B or C | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | A or B | C | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
OR [95% CI] p | OR [95% CI] p | OR [95% CI] p | OR [95% CI] p | ||||||
Gender | Male | 11 (55.00%) | 51 (89.48%) | 3.09 [0.91–10.48] 0.0701 | 4.67 [0.96–22.63] 0.0555 | 40 (64.52%) | 22 (35.48%) | 1.51 [0.43–5.32] 0.5189 | 1.73 [0.43–6.94] 0.4387 |
Female | 6 (10.52%) | 9 (45.00%) | 11 (73.33%) | 4 (26.67%) | |||||
Age [years] | ≥63 | 10 (25.64%) | 29 (74.36%) | 0.65 [0.22–1.95] 0.4467 | 0.42 [0.11–1.60] 0.2034 | 25 (64.10%) | 14 (35.90%) | 1.21 [0.47–3.12] 0.6889 | 1.20 [0.44–3.33] 0.7216 |
<63 | 7 (18.42%) | 31 (81.58%) | 26 (68.42%) | 12 (31.58%) | |||||
Histopathological diagnosis | Squamous-cell carcinoma | 14 (19.72%) | 57 (80.28%) | 4.07 [0.74–22.37] 0.1063 | 2.99 [0.35–25.82] 0.3184 | 46 (64.79%) | 25 (35.21%) | 2.72 [0.30–24.56] 0.3735 | 5.02 [0.37–68.27] 0.2252 |
Non-squamous-cell carcinoma | 3 (50.00%) | 3 (50.00%) | 5 (83.33%) | 1 (16.67%) | |||||
Tumor location | Oropharynx | 11 (37.93%) | 18 (62.07%) | 0.23 [0.07–0.73] 0.0123 * | 0.18 [0.05–0.68] 0.0116 * | 9 (50.00%) | 9 (50.00%) | 2.48 [0.83–7.29] 0.1014 | 0.92 [0.32–2.65] 0.8785 |
Other sites a | 6 (12.50%) | 42 (87.50%) | 42 (71.19%) | 17 (28.81%) | |||||
Larynx | 5 (12.82%) | 34 (87.18%) | 3.14 [0.98–10.03] 0.0536 | 2.72 [0.73–10.09] 0.1352 | 26 (66.67%) | 13 (33.33%) | 0.96 [0.37–2.47] 0.9351 | 0.85 [0.31–2.39] 0.7704 | |
Other sites b | 12 (31.58%) | 26 (68.42%) | 25 (65.79%) | 13 (34.21%) | |||||
T stage | T4 | 1 (2.86%) | 34 (97.14%) | 20.92 [2.60–168.12] 0.0042 * | 20.24 [2.45–166.82] 0.0052 * | 19 (54.28%) | 16 (45.72%) | 2.69 [1.02–7.13] 0.0458 * | 2.23 [0.81–6.20] 0.1221 |
T1–3 | 16 (38.09%) | 26 (61.91%) | 32 (76.19%) | 10 (23.81%) | |||||
N stage | N1–3 | 8 (16.00%) | 42 (84.00%) | 2.62 [0.87–7.89] 0.0858 | 2.90 [0.91–9.29] 0.0722 | 7 (25.92%) | 20 (74.08%) | 20.95 [6.23–70.39] <0.0001 * | 2.83 [0.88–9.08] 0.0800 |
N0 | 9 (33.33%) | 18 (66.67%) | 44 (88.00%) | 6 (12.00%) | |||||
M stage | M1 | 1 (10.00%) | 9 (90.00%) | 2.82 [0.33–24.02] 0.3420 | 2.78 [0.29–27.12] 0.3766 | 4 (40.00%) | 6 (60.00%) | 3.52 [0.89–13.86] 0.0713 | 4.34 [0.96–19.61] 0.0561 |
M0 | 16 (23.88%) | 51 (76.12%) | 47 (70.15%) | 20 (29.85%) | |||||
Disease stage according to TNM | IVA-IVC | 6 (10.91%) | 49 (89.09%) | 8.17 [2.48–26.86] 0.0005 * | 9.47 [2.45–36.56] 0.0011 * | 29 (52.73%) | 26 (47.27%) | 40.42 [2.33–699.65] 0.0110 * | 2.69 [1.26–5.74] 0.0107 * |
III | 11 (50.00%) | 11 (50.00%) | 22 (100.00%) | - | |||||
Performance status | >1 | 12 (19.35%) | 50 (80.65%) | 2.08 [0.6–7.23] 0.2478 | 0.42 [0.10–1.85] 0.2550 | 43 (69.35%) | 19 (30.64%) | 0.50 [0.16–1.59] 0.2439 | 2.18 [0.58–8.28] 0.2502 |
≤1 | 5 (33.33%) | 10 (66.67%) | 8 (53.33%) | 7 (46.67%) | |||||
Excessive alcohol consumption | Yes | 6 (16.22%) | 31 (83.78%) | 1.96 [0.64–5.98] 0.2374 | 1.66 [0.43–6.45] 0.4658 | 21 (56.76%) | 16 (43.24%) | 2.69 [1.02–7.13] 0.0458 * | 3.99 [1.27–12.52] 0.0174 * |
No | 11 (27.50%) | 29 (72.50%) | 30 (75.00%) | 10 (25.00%) | |||||
Smoking status (ever) | Smoker | 1 (2.04%) | 48 (97.96%) | 24.00 [2.63–218.67] 0.0048 * | 1.49 [0.35–6.28] 0.5853 | 27 (55.10%) | 22 (44.90%) | 4.89 [1.47–16.21] 0.0095 * | 2.01 [0.55–7.39] 0.2919 |
Nonsmoker | 6 (33.33%) | 12 (66.67%) | 24 (85.71%) | 4 (14.29%) | |||||
Smoking status (currently) [no data n = 18] | Current smoker | 10 (19.23%) | 42 (80.77%) | 0.70 [0.07–6.49] 0.7535 | 1.45 [0.12–17.67] 0.7682 | 33 (63.46%) | 19 (36.54%) | 0.77 [0.15–3.80] 0.7460 | 0.69 [0.11–4.31] 0.6939 |
Former smoker | 1 (14.28%) | 6 (85.72%) | 4 (57.14%) | 3 (42.86%) | |||||
Treatment | Definitive (C)-RT | 1 (10.00%) | 9 (90.00%) | 1.39 [0.43–4.47] 0.5810 | 2.13 [0.48–9.48] 0.3223 | 3 (30.00%) | 7 (70.00%) | 1.60 [0.60–4.26] 0.3432 | 1.83 [0.57–5.85] 0.3091 |
Postoperative (C)-RT | 16 (23.88%) | 51 (76.12%) | 48 (71.64%) | 19 (28.36%) | |||||
Concurrent C-RT | Yes | 9 (27.27%) | 24 (72.73%) | 1.04 [0.36–2.97] 0.9459 | 0.65 [0.17–2.46] 0.5239 | 21 (63.64%) | 12 (36.36%) | 1.22 [0.48–3.17] 0.6766 | 1.32 [0.46–3.83] 0.6052 |
No | 8 (18.18%) | 36 (81.82%) | 30 (68.18%) | 14 (31.82%) | |||||
TNFRSF1A genotype | TT | 1 (10.00%) | 9 (90.00%) | 2.82 [0.33–24.02] 0.3420 | 0.95 [0.09–9.91] 0.9649 | 3 (30.00%) | 7 (70.00%) | 5.89 [1.38–25.21] 0.0167 * | 5.05 [1.12–22.76] 0.0350 * |
GT and GG | 16 (23.88%) | 51 (76.12%) | 48 (71.64%) | 19 (28.36%) | |||||
GG | 6 (26.09%) | 17 (73.91%) | 0.72 [0.23–2.27] 0.5808 | 0.28 [0.06–1.26] 0.0973 | 16 (69.56%) | 7 (30.44%) | 0.81 [0.28–2.30] 0.6869 | 0.72 [0.24–2.13] 0.5495 | |
TT and GT | 11 (20.37%) | 43 (79.63%) | 35 (64.81%) | 19 (35.19%) | |||||
GT | 10 (22.73%) | 34 (77.27%) | 0.91 [0.31–2.73] 0.8740 | 3.60 [0.76–17.02] 0.1059 | 32 (72.73%) | 12 (27.27%) | 0.51 [0.19–1.32] 0.1668 | 0.60 [0.22–1.64] 0.3218 | |
GG and TT | 7 (21.21%) | 26 (78.79%) | 19 (57.58%) | 14 (42.42%) |
Variable | NRS-2002 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
<3 | ≥3 | OR [95% CI] p | ||
Gender | Male | 43 (69.35%) | 19 (30.64%) | 1.21 [0.34–4.31] 0.7628 |
Female | 11 (73.33%) | 4 (26.67%) | ||
Age [years] | ≥63 | 27 (76.15%) | 12 (23.85%) | 1.09 [0.41–2.90] 0.8614 |
<63 | 27 (71.05%) | 11 (28.95%) | ||
Histopathological diagnosis | Squamous-cell carcinoma | 51 (71.83%) | 20 (28.17%) | 0.39 [0.07–2.11] 0.2753 |
Non-squamous-cell carcinoma | 3 (50.00%) | 3 (50.00%) | ||
Tumor location | Oropharyngeal | 21 (72.41%) | 8 (27.59%) | 0.84 [0.30–2.32] 0.7337 |
Other a | 33 (68.75%) | 15 (31.25%) | ||
Larynx | 26 (66.67%) | 13 (33.33%) | 1.40 [0.52–3.74] 0.5019 | |
Other b | 28 (73.68%) | 10 (26.32%) | ||
T stage | T4 | 25 (71.43%) | 10 (28.87%) | 0.89 [0.33–2.38] 0.8202 |
T1–3 | 29 (69.05%) | 13 (30.95%) | ||
N stage | N1–3 | 37 (74.00%) | 13 (26.00%) | 0.60 [0.22–1.63] 0.3147 |
N0 | 17 (62.96%) | 10 (37.04%) | ||
M stage | M1 | 7 (70.00%) | 3 (30.00%) | 1.00 [0.24–4.29] 0.9923 |
M0 | 47 (70.15%) | 20 (29.85%) | ||
Disease stage according to TNM | IVA-IVC | 41 (74.54%) | 14 (25.46%) | 0.49 [0.17–1.40] 0.1846 |
III | 13 (59.09%) | 9 (40.91%) | ||
Performance status | >1 | 12 (80.00%) | 3 (20.00%) | 0.52 [0.13–2.07] 0.3575 |
≤1 | 42 (67.74%) | 20 (32.26%) | ||
Excessive alcohol consumption | Yes | 25 (71.43%) | 10 (28.57%) | 0.89 [0.33–2.38] 0.8202 |
No | 29 (69.05%) | 13 (30.95%) | ||
Smoking status (ever) | Smoker | 43 (72.88%) | 16 (27.12%) | 0.58 [0.19–1.77] 0.3424 |
Nonsmoker | 11 (61.11%) | 7 (38.89%) | ||
Smoking status (currently) [no data n = 18] | Current smoker | 37 (71.15%) | 15 (28.85%) | 2.43 [0.27–21.96] 0.4285 |
Former smoker | 6 (85.71%) | 1 (14.29%) | ||
Treatment | Definitive (C)-RT | 21 (77.8%) | 6 (22.2%) | 0.55 [0.19–1.63] 0.2846 |
Post-operative (C)-RT | 33 (66%) | 17 (34%) | ||
Concurrent C-RT | Yes | 21 (63.64%) | 12 (36.36%) | 1.71 [0.64–4.58] 0.2831 |
No | 33 (75.00%) | 11 (25.00%) | ||
TNFRSF1A genotype | TT | 10 (100.00%) | - | 0.09 [0.01–1.61] 0.1016 |
GT and GG | 44 (65.67%) | 23 (34.33%) | ||
GG | 14 (60.87%) | 9 (39.13%) | 1.84 [0.65–5.17] 0.2497 | |
GT and TT | 40 (74.07%) | 14 (25.93%) | ||
GT | 30 (68.18%) | 14 (31.82%) | 1.24 [0.46–3.36] 0.6665 | |
GG and TT | 24 (72.73%) | 9 (27.27%) |
Variable | Parenteral Nutrition | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
OR [95% CI] p | OR [95% CI] p | ||||
Gender | Male | 52 (83.9%) | 10 (16.1%) | 0.38 [0.11–1.37] 0.1400 | 0.44 [0.09–2.18] 0.3172 |
Female | 10 (66.7%) | 5 (33.3%) | |||
Age [years] | ≥63 | 30 (76.9%) | 9 (23.1%) | 1.60 [0.51–5.04] 0.4218 | 1.61 [0.43–6.07] 0.4783 |
<63 | 32 (84.2%) | 6 (15.8%) | |||
Histopathological diagnosis | Squamous-cell carcinoma | 58 (81.7%) | 13 (18.3%) | 0.45 [0.07–2.71] 0.3825 | 0.24 [0.02–2.65] 0.2457 |
Non-squamous-cell carcinoma | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | |||
Tumor location | Oropharyngeal | 27 (93.1%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0.20 [0.04–0.96] 0.0443 * | 0.16 [0.03–0.95] 0.0439 * |
Other a | 35 (72.9%) | 13 (27.1%) | |||
Larynx | 31 (79.5%) | 8 (20.5%) | 1.14 [0.37–3.54] 0.8168 | 1.56 [0.40–6.07] 0.5164 | |
Other b | 31 (81.6%) | 7 (18.4%) | |||
T stage | T4 | 31 (73.8%) | 4 (26.2%) | 0.36 [0.10–1.27] 0.1121 | 0.31 [0.08–1.13] 0.0765 |
T1–3 | 31 (88.6%) | 11 (11.4%) | |||
N stage | N1–3 | 41 (82%) | 9 (18%) | 0.77 [0.24–2.45] 0.6558 | 0.51 [0.13–2.03] 0.3390 |
N0 | 21 (77.8%) | 6 (22.2%) | |||
M stage | M1 | 5 (50%) | 5 (50%) | 5.70 [1.39–23.35] 0.0155 * | 2.66 [0.54–13.01] 0.2267 |
M0 | 57 (85.1%) | 10 (14.9%) | |||
Disease stage according to TNM | IVA-IVC | 44 (80%) | 11 (20%) | 1.12 [0.32–4.00] 0.8556 | 0.41 [0.06–2.77] 0.3620 |
III | 18 (81.8%) | 4 (18.2) | |||
Performance status | >1 | 9 (60%) | 6 (40%) | 3.93 [1.12–13.72] 0.0322 * | 3.68 [0.84–16.08] 0.0827 |
≤1 | 53 (85.5%) | 9 (14.5%) | |||
Excessive alcohol consumption | Yes | 25 (71.4%) | 10 (28.6%) | 2.96 [0.90–9.70] 0.0733 | 2.58 [0.67–9.90] 0.1653 |
No | 37 (88.1%) | 5 (11.9%) | |||
Smoking status (ever) | Smoker | 47 (79.7%) | 12 (20.3%) | 1.28 [0.32–5.14] 0.7310 | 2.35 [0.38–14.48] 0.3574 |
Nonsmoker | 15 (83.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | |||
Smoking status (currently) [no data n = 18] | Current smoker | 40 (81.6%) | 9 (18.4%) | 0.82 [0.26–2.62] 0.7444 | 0.31 [0.04–2.16] 0.2358 |
Former smoker | 22 (78.6%) | 6 (21.4%) | |||
Treatment | Definitive (C)-RT | 19 (70.4%) | 8 (29.6%) | 2.59 [0.82–8.16] 0.1051 | 1.68 [0.43–6.54] 0.4177 |
Post-operative (C)-RT | 43 (86%) | 7 (14%) | |||
Concurrent C-RT | Yes | 9 (69.2%) | 4 (30.8%) | 2.14 [0.56–8.22] 0.2671 | 2.04 [0.54–7.70] 0.2943 |
No | 53 (82.8%) | 11 (17.2%) | |||
NRS-2002 | ≥3 | 20 (87%) | 3 (13%) | 0.52 [0.13–2.07] 0.3575 | 0.58 [0.13–2.67] 0.4900 |
<3 | 42 (77.8%) | 12 (22.2%) | |||
SGA | B or C | 47 (78.3%) | 13 (21.7%) | 2.07 [0.42–10.26] 0.3708 | 1.89 [0.27–12.95] 0.5179 |
A | 15 (88.2%) | 2 (11.8%) | |||
C | 17 (65.4%) | 9 (34.6%) | 3.97 [1.23–12.84] 0.0213 * | 3.40 [0.93–15.52] 0.0650 | |
A or B | 45 (88.2%) | 6 (11.8%) | |||
TNFRSF1A genotype | TT | 7 (70%) | 3 (30%) | 1.96 [0.44–8.71] 0.3744 | 0.71 [0.11–4.52] 0.7165 |
GT and GG | 55 (82.1%) | 12 (17.9%) | |||
GG | 19 (82.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.82 [0.23–2.92] 0.7628 | 0.66 [0.15–2.91] 0.5855 | |
GT and TT | 43 (79.6%) | 11 (20.4%) | |||
GT | 36 (81.8%) | 8 (18.2%) | 0.82 [0.27–2.56] 0.7399 | 1.74 [0.43–7.01] 0.4341 | |
GG and TT | 26 (78.8%) | 7 (21.2%) |
Variable | CWL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
OR [95% CI] p | OR [95% CI] p | ||||
Gender | Male | 41 (66.13%) | 21 (33.87%) | 0.58 [0.19–1.83] 0.3583 | 0.56 [0.13–2.39] 0.4314 |
Female | 8 (53.33%) | 7 (46.67%) | |||
Age [years] | ≥63 | 22 (56.41%) | 17 (43.59%) | 1.89 [0.74–4.88] 0.1841 | 3.19 [0.90–11.34] 0.0718 |
<63 | 27 (71.05%) | 11 (28.95%) | |||
Histopathological diagnosis | Squamous-cell carcinoma | 47 (66.20%) | 24 (33.80%) | 0.25 [0.04–1.49] 0.1300 | 0.31 [0.03–3.25] 0.3312 |
Non-squamous-cell carcinoma | 2 (33.33%) | 4 (66.67%) | |||
Tumor location | Oropharyngeal | 10 (34.48%) | 19 (65.52%) | 8.23 [2.86–23.63] 0.0001 * | 15.28 [4.22–55.39] <0.0001 * |
Other a | 39 (81.25%) | 9 (18.75%) | |||
Larynx | 34 (87.18%) | 5 (12.82%) | 0.09 [0.03–0.30] 0.0001 * | 0.05 [0.009–0.23] 0.0001 * | |
Other b | 15 (39.47%) | 23 (60.53%) | |||
T stage | T4 | 21 (60.00%) | 14 (40.00%) | 1.81 [0.73–4.51] 0.2028 | 1.21 [0.36–4.08] 0.7490 |
T1–3 | 38 (73.08%) | 14 (26.92%) | |||
N stage | N1–3 | 33 (66.00%) | 17 (34.00%) | 0.75 [0.28–1.94] 0.5579 | 0.69 [0.20–2.36] 0.5545 |
N0 | 16 (59.26%) | 11 (40.74%) | |||
M stage | M1 | 7 (100.00%) | 3 (30.00%) | 0.72 [0.17–3.04] 0.6548 | 0.80 [0.13–5.00] 0.8097 |
M0 | 42 (62.69%) | 25 (37.31%) | |||
Disease stage according to TNM | IVA-IVC | 34 (61.82%) | 21 (38.18%) | 1.32 [0.46–3.78] 0.6005 | 0.91 [0.24–3.47] 0.8965 |
III | 15 (68.19%) | 7 (31.82%) | |||
Performance status | >1 | 9 (60.00%) | 6 (40.00%) | 1.21 [0.38–3.85] 0.744 | 0.62 [0.14–2.82] 0.5396 |
≤1 | 40 (64.52%) | 22 (35.48%) | |||
Excessive alcohol consumption | Yes | 23 (65.71%) | 12 (34.29%) | 0.85 [0.33–2.16] 0.7294 | 0.90 [0.27–2.96] 0.8645 |
No | 26 (61.90%) | 16 (38.10%) | |||
Smoking status (ever) | Smoker | 35 (59.32%) | 24 (40.68%) | 2.40 [0.71–8.13] 0.1618 | 3.83 [0.87–16.85] 0.0759 |
Nonsmoker | 14 (77.78%) | 4 (22.22%) | |||
Smoking status (currently) [no data n = 18] | Current smoker | 31 (59.61%) | 21 (40.38%) | 0.90 [0.18–4.46] 0.9005 | 0.96 [0.10–9.70] 0.9764 |
Former smoker | 4 (57.14%) | 3 (42.86%) | |||
Treatment | Definitive (C)-RT | 14 (51.9%) | 13 (48.1%) | 2.17 [0.82–5.70] 0.1172 | 3.32 [0.89] 0.0731 |
Post-operative (C)-RT | 35 (70%) | 15 (30%) | |||
Concurrent C-RT | Yes | 21 (63.64%) | 12 (36.36%) | 1.00 [0.39–2.56] 1.0000 | 0.41 [0.11–1.50] 0.1799 |
No | 28 (63.64%) | 16 (36.36%) | |||
NRS-2002 | ≥3 | 17 (73.91%) | 6 (26.09%) | 0.51 [0.17–1.51] 0.2252 | 0.51 [0.13–2.06] 0.3475 |
<3 | 32 (59.26%) | 22 (40.74%) | |||
SGA | B or C | 40 (66.67%) | 20 (33.33%) | 0.56 [0.19–1.68] 0.3023 | 1.00 [0.25–3.92] 0.9980 |
A | 9 (52.94%) | 8 (47.06%) | |||
C | 13 (50%) | 13 (50%) | 2.40 [0.90–6.37] 0.0789 | 0.98 [0.26–3.62] 0.9725 | |
A or B | 36 (70.59%) | 15 (29.41%) | |||
Parenteral nutrition | Yes | 10 (66.67%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0.84 [0.26–2.79] 0.7858 | 1.54 [0.31–7.76] 0.5995 |
No | 39 (62.90%) | 23 (37.10%) | |||
TNFRSF1A genotype | TT | 2 (20.00%) | 8 (80.00%) | 9.40 [1.83–48.24] 0.0072 * | 24.85 [3.74–168.89] 0.0009 * |
GT and GG | 47 (70.15%) | 20 (29.85%) | |||
GG | 19 (82.61%) | 4 (17.39%) | 0.26 [0.08–0.88] 0.0298 * | 0.24 [0.6–0.94] 0.0398 * | |
GT and TT | 30 (55.56%) | 24 (44.44%) | |||
GT | 28 (63.64%) | 16 (36.36%) | 1.00 [0.39–2.55] 1.0000 | 0.71 [0.24–2.10] 0.5331 | |
GG and TT | 21 (63.64%) | 12 (36.36%) |
Variable | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
mOS (Months) | HR [95% CI] p | HR [95% CI] p | ||
Gender | Male | 26 | 0.82 [0.41–1.66] 0.5537 | 0.58 [0.29–1.17] 0.1335 |
Female | 23.5 | |||
Age (years) | ≥63 | 25 | 1.02 [0.60–1.74] 0.9246 | 0.99 [0.96–1.03] 0.8692 |
<63 | 26.5 | |||
Smoking history (ever) | Yes | 24.5 | 1.36 [0.77–2.41] 0.2777 | 0.94 [0.47–1.89] 0.8734 |
No | 26 | |||
Smoking during treatment [no data n = 18] | Yes | 25 | 1.32 [0.77–2.25] 0.3006 | 1.11 [0.60–2.06] 0.7298 |
No | 26 | |||
Excessive alcohol consumption | Yes | 26.5 | 0.82 [0.48–1.39] 0.4562 | 0.66 [0.36–1.23] 0.1930 |
No | 24.5 | |||
Performance status | >1 | 19.5 | 1.34 [0.67–2.72] 0.3480 | 1.63 [0.81–3.30] 0.1742 |
≤1 | 26 | |||
Tumor location | Oropharynx | 23.5 | 0.87 [0.51–1.49] 0.6106 | 0.83 [0.38–1.82] 0.6489 |
Other a | 25 | |||
Larynx | 26 | 0.96 [0.57–1.64] 0.8941 | 0.85 [0.41–1.76] 0.6671 | |
Other b | 23.5 | |||
T stage | T4 | 23 | 1.92 [1.07–3.43] 0.0093 * | 2.07 [1.13–3.80] 0.0193 * |
T1-T3 | 30 | |||
N stage | N1–3 | 25 | 1.29 [0.76–2.20] 0.3204 | 0.85 [0.41–1.78] 0.6692 |
N0 | 26 | |||
M stage | M1 | 19 | 1.29 [0.57–2.95] 0.4898 | 1.04 [0.46–2.32] 0.9251 |
M0 | 25 | |||
Disease stage according to TNM | IVA-IVC | 24.5 | 1.89 [1.11–3.23] 0.0171 * | 2.47 [1.16–5.28] 0.0203 * |
III | 29 | |||
Parenteral nutrition | Yes | 20 | 1.28 [0.64–2.55] 0.4359 | 1.23 [0.58–2.61] 0.5939 |
No | 30.65 | |||
Treatment | Definitive (C)-RT | 26.5 | 0.84 [0.49–1.46] 0.5026 | 0.84 [0.45–1.58] 0.6000 |
Post-operative (C)-RT | 19 | |||
Concurrent C-RT | Yes | 26.5 | 0.92 [0.54–1.57] 0.7643 | 1.25 [0.65–2.37] 0.5033 |
No | 24.5 | |||
SGA | C | 23 | 1.35 [0.75–2.43] 0.2712 | 0.72 [0.32–1.60] 0.4194 |
A or B | 26 | |||
B or C | 23 | 2.27 [1.31–3.93] 0.0072 * | 1.66 [0.66–4.16] 0.2844 | |
A | 35 | |||
NRS-2002 | ≥3 | 24.5 | 0.88 [0.49–1.56] 0.6597 | 0.77 [0.35–1.68] 0.5165 |
<3 | 26 | |||
CWL | Yes | 18.5 | 1.91 [1.02–3.57] 0.0142 * | 1.92 [1.05–3.54] 0.0364 * |
No | 27 | |||
TNFRSF1A genotype | TT | 14 | 2.98 [0.99–8.96] 0.0012 * | 3.02 [1.40–6.50] 0.0051 * |
GG or GT | 26.5 | |||
GG | 27 | 0.67 [0.39–1.17] 0.1750 | 0.79 [0.36–1.73] 0.5606 | |
GT or TT | 23.5 | |||
GT | 26.5 | 0.93 [0.54–1.59] 0.7842 | 1.26 [0.58–2.75] 0.5606 | |
GG or TT | 25 |
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Homa-Mlak, I.; Mlak, R.; Mazurek, M.; Brzozowska, A.; Powrózek, T.; Rahnama-Hezavah, M.; Małecka-Massalska, T. TNFRSF1A Gene Polymorphism (−610 T > G, rs4149570) as a Predictor of Malnutrition and a Prognostic Factor in Patients Subjected to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Due to Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 3407. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143407
Homa-Mlak I, Mlak R, Mazurek M, Brzozowska A, Powrózek T, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Małecka-Massalska T. TNFRSF1A Gene Polymorphism (−610 T > G, rs4149570) as a Predictor of Malnutrition and a Prognostic Factor in Patients Subjected to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Due to Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3407. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143407
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoma-Mlak, Iwona, Radosław Mlak, Marcin Mazurek, Anna Brzozowska, Tomasz Powrózek, Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah, and Teresa Małecka-Massalska. 2022. "TNFRSF1A Gene Polymorphism (−610 T > G, rs4149570) as a Predictor of Malnutrition and a Prognostic Factor in Patients Subjected to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Due to Head and Neck Cancer" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3407. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143407